Reflection Properties of the Human Skin From 40 to 110 GHz: A Confirmation Study. Issue 7 (21st July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Christ, Andreas; Aeschbacher, Adrian; Rouholahnejad, Fereshteh; Samaras, Theodoros; Tarigan, Bernadetta; Kuster, Niels
• Is Part Of: Bioelectromagnetics. Volume 42:Issue 7(2021)
• Page Start: 562
• Page End: 574
• Publication Date: 2021-07-21
• Subjects: millimeter wave exposure -- experimental body phantoms -- skin model -- over‐the‐air assessment -- stratum corneum -- 5 G -- S11; Electromagnetism -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; 571.47
• DOI: 10.1002/bem.22362
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-8462

Abstract

Abstract : Several recent theoretical dosimetric studies above 6 GHz apply generic layered skin models. For this frequency range, new experimental phantoms for over‐the‐air performance of wireless devices were proposed that simulate the impedance matching effects of the stratum corneum layer (SCL) with a low‐loss coating layer. The aim of this study was to verify the skin models by comparing their reflection coefficients S 11 with measurements of 37 human volunteers (21 males, 16 females, 5–80 years) at 21 body locations (10 at palm, 11 at arm/face) with different SCL thicknesses, using waveguides covering frequencies from 40 to 110 GHz. Such measurements were also carried out with the phantom material. The statistical analysis showed strong evidence that S 11 depends on the SCL thickness and no evidence that S 11 depends on sex. The measured S 11 values for thin and thick skin can be represented by SCL layers of 15 and 140 μm, respectively. These values correspond well to the assumptions of previous studies. (The cohort did not include volunteers doing heavy manual work.) The phantom material mimics the matching effect of the SCL with deviations from the waveguide measurements of less than 0.85 dB (22%), which confirms the suitability of layered phantoms to represent the electromagnetic reflection/absorption of human skin. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.