A computational study of the properties of low- and high-index Pd, Cu and Zn surfaces. Issue 27 (2nd July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kabalan, Lara; Kowalec, Igor; Catlow, C. Richard A.; Logsdail, Andrew J.
• Is Part Of: Physical chemistry chemical physics. Volume 23:Issue 27(2021)
• Page Start: 14649
• Page End: 14661
• Publication Date: 2021-07-02
• Subjects: Chemistry, Physical and theoretical -- Periodicals; 541.3
• DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01602d
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1463-9076

Abstract

Abstract : Surface energies and nano-particle structures from DFT modelling. Abstract : We report a detailed Density Functional Theory (DFT) based investigation of the structure and stability of bulk and surface structures for the Group 10–12 elements Pd, Cu and Zn, considering the effect of the choice of exchange–correlation density functional and computation parameters. For the initial bulk structures, the lattice parameter and cohesive energy are calculated, which are then augmented by calculation of surface energies and work functions for the lower-index surfaces. Of the 22 density functionals considered, we highlight the mBEEF density functional as providing the best overall agreement with experimental data. The optimal density functional choice is applied to the study of higher index surfaces for the three metals, and Wulff constructions performed for nanoparticles with a radius of 11 nm, commensurate with nanoparticle sizes commonly employed in catalytic chemistry. For Pd and Cu, the low-index (111) facet is dominant in the constructed nanoparticles, covering ∼50% of the surface, with (100) facets covering a further 10 to 25%; however, non-negligible coverage from higher index (332), (332) and (210) facets is also observed for Pd, and (322), (221) and (210) surfaces are observed for Cu. In contrast, only the (0001) and (10−10) facets are observed for Zn. Overall, our results highlight the need for careful validation of computational settings before performing extensive density functional theory investigations of surface properties and nanoparticle structures of metals.