Large-scale hydropower impacts and adaptation strategies on rural communities in the Amazonian floodplain of the Madeira River. (15th June 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Arantes, Caroline C.; Laufer, Juliana; Mayer, Adam; Moran, Emilio F.; Sant' Anna, Igor R.A.; Dutka-Gianelli, Jynessa; Lopez, Maria Claudia; Doria, Carolina R.C.
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental management. Volume 336(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-06-15
• Subjects: Dams -- Tropical rivers -- Coping strategies -- Small-scale fishery -- Livelihoods assets; Environmental policy -- Periodicals; Environmental management -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Ecology -- Periodicals; 363.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117240
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-4797

Abstract

Abstract: Understanding social and environmental impacts and household adaptation strategies in the face of expansions in energy infrastructure projects is essential to inform mitigation and interventions programs that promote well-being. Here we conducted surveys in seven communities distributed across varying degrees of proximity to a hydropower dam complex in the Brazilian Amazon along about 250 km of the floodplain of the Madeira River. Based on interviews with 154 fishers from these communities, we examine how fishers perceived changes in fisheries yields, changes in the composition of fish species, and whether and how adaptation strategies had evolved 8–9 years after the dams' construction. Most respondents (91%) indicated declines in yields after the dams for both upstream and downstream zones. Multivariate analyses revealed statistically significant differences in the composition of species yields in pre-and post-dam periods for all communities and in both upstream and downstream zones ( p < 0.001). The composition of yields diversified after the dams, with an apparent decline in yields of species of greatest market value (e.g., catfishes Brachyplatystoma spp., Pseudoplatystoma spp., and jatuarana Brycon spp.), and increases in yields of a set of other smaller bodied and faster growing species (e.g., 'branquinhas' Psectrogaster spp., Potamohinna spp., and sardines Triportheus spp.). Both downstream and upstream fishers indicated that fishing profits decreased since the dams' construction (76.8% and 67.9%, respectively). To cope with these changes, the majority of both upstream and downstream fishers (>70%) stated they have had to devote more time to fishing after the dams were built. The time fishers spend traveling to fishing locations also increased for upstream communities (77.1%), but not for downstream communities. Thirty-four percent of the interviewees changed the gear they use to fish after the dams construction, with twice as many mentioning uses of non-selective gear, such as gillnets, and declining use of traditional fishing gears such as castnets and a trap ("covi"). Fish consumption overall decreased: fish was consumed 'everyday' before the dams, but 1–2 times per week or rarely after the dams were built. Although the species that declined were those of high economic value, 53% of fishers stated fish prices have increased overall after the dams. These results shed light on the potential challenges faced by fishers and which adaptation strategies they have evolved to maintain livelihoods since the construction of the dams. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Hydropower development has expanded markedly in the Global South. We evaluated impacts and adaptation strategies of riverine communities in the face of large-scale hydropower projects in the Brazilian Amazon. Communities were impacted by losses in fisheries yields and profits after the construction of the dams. In response to impacts, households adapted fishing strategies and livelihoods assets. Fair mitigation and compensation processes require accounting for impacts and adaptations adopted after the dam construction..