Effect of graphene-based nanomaterials on corneal wound healing in vitro. (April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fukuto, Atsuhiko; Kang, Jennifer; Gates, Brooke L.; Sannajust, Kimberley; Pinkerton, Kent E.; Van Winkle, Laura S.; Kiuchi, Yoshiaki; Leonard, Brian C.; Thomasy, Sara M.
• Is Part Of: Experimental eye research. Volume 229(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-04
• Subjects: Graphene-based nanomaterials -- Corneal wound healing -- Keratocyte-fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation; Ophthalmology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Œil -- Périodiques; Ophthalmology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8405
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109419
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0014-4835

Abstract

Abstract: Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are widely used due to their chemical and physical properties for multiple commercial and environmental applications. From an occupational health perspective, there is concern regarding the effects of inhalation on the respiratory system, and many studies have been conducted to study inhalation impacts on lung. Similar to the respiratory system, the eyes may also be exposed to GBNs and thus impacted. In this study, immortalized human corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells and rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RCFs) were used to investigate the toxicity of eight types of GBN: graphene oxide (GO; 400 nm), GO (1 μm), partially reduced graphene oxide (PRGO; 400 nm), reduced graphene oxide (RGO; 400 nm), RGO (2 μm), graphene (110 nm), graphene (140 nm), and graphene (1 μm). We next examined the effects of these GBNs on hTCEpi cell migration. We also determined whether the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a myofibroblast marker, is altered by the GBNs using RCFs. We found that RGO (400 nm) and RGO (2 μm) were highly toxic to hTCEPi cells and RCFs meanwhile, PRGO (400 nm) was toxic only to hTCEpi cells. In addition, PRGO (400 nm), RGO (400 nm), and RGO (2 μm) inhibited hTCEpi cell migration and significantly increased αSMA mRNA expression. Further study in vivo is required to determine if RGO nanomaterials delay corneal epithelial healing and induce scar formation. Highlights: RGO nanomaterials are toxic to both corneal epithelial cells and corneal fibroblasts. GO, PRGO, and RGO nanomaterials inhibit cell migration even at low concentrations. PRGO and RGO nanomaterials promote the induction of αSMA mRNA expression by TGF-β1.