All‐Slot‐Die‐Coated Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Conditions with Chlorine Additives. Issue 2 (7th December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Le, Thai Son; Saranin, Danila; Gostishchev, Pavel; Ermanova, Inga; Komaricheva, Tatiana; Luchnikov, Lev; Muratov, Dmitry; Uvarov, Alexander; Vyacheslavova, Ekaterina; Mukhin, Ivan; Didenko, Sergey; Kuznetsov, Denis; Di Carlo, Aldo
• Is Part Of: Solar RRL. Volume 6:Issue 2(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-12-07
• Subjects: ambient fabrication -- perovskite solar cells -- slit-die coating -- upscaling; Solar energy -- Periodicals; Photovoltaic power generation -- Periodicals; Solar energy -- Research -- Periodicals; Photovoltaic power generation -- Research -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 333.7923
• DOI: 10.1002/solr.202100807
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2367-198X

Abstract

Abstract : Large‐scale solution printing perovskite photovoltaics is one of the key technological advantages in comparison to the manufacturing of wafer‐based solar cells (Si, GaAs, etc.). Herein, all‐slot‐die‐coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in p–i–n (inverse) configuration with a process fully performed out of the glove box in ambient conditions are demonstrated. The successful implementation of the approach is demonstrated for devices based on the MAPbI3 and CsFAPbI3 perovskite absorbers with four slot‐die‐coated layers—NiO x /perovskite/PCBM/BCP. Noticeably, the use of Cl‐containing additives MACl and FACl in combination with vacuum quenching is found to be essential for the reproducible and controllable crystallization of the perovskite films. Moreover, vacuum quenching shows beneficial results also for the morphology of thin electron transporting layers—PCBM (40 nm) and BCP (11 nm). Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the all‐slot‐die‐coated PSCs reaches the level of >16% for MAPbI3 and >17% for CsFAPbI3 ‐based devices. Slot‐die coating fabrication is successfully upscaled for minimodules (total active area 2.1 cm 2 ), which demonstrates up to 14.9% of PCE. This result demonstrates the high potential of the slot‐die printing for sheet‐to‐sheet fabrication of PSCs and unravels the specifics for each functional layer in the p–i–n device. Abstract : The slot‐die coating cycle in ambient conditions is developed for inverted perovskite mini‐modules based on MAPbI3 and CsFAPbI3 absorbers. The use of Cl‐additives in combination with vacuum quenching is found to be essential for crystallization and uniform morphology of perovskite films and charge transporting layers. Slot‐die fabrication was successfully upscaled for mini‐modules which demonstrated up to 14.9% of power conversion efficiency.