Where Do Neighborhood Effects End? Moving to Multiscale Spatial Contextual Effects. Issue 2 (7th February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Petrović, Ana; van Ham, Maarten; Manley, David
• Is Part Of: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. Volume 112:Issue 2(2022)
• Page Start: 581
• Page End: 601
• Publication Date: 2022-02-07
• Subjects: bespoke neighborhoods -- distance decay -- neighborhood effects -- socioeconomic status -- spatial scale; 定制邻里 -- 距离衰减 -- 邻里效应 -- 社会经济地位 -- 空间尺度。; escala espacial -- efectos de vecindad -- estatus socioeconómico -- fricción de la distancia -- vecindarios a la medida; Geography -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Geography; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 550
• DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2021.1923455
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2469-4452

Abstract

Abstract : There is no theoretical reason to assume that neighborhood effects operate at a constant single spatial scale across multiple urban settings or over different periods of time. Despite this, many studies use large, single-scale, predefined spatial units as proxies for neighborhoods. Recently, the use of bespoke neighborhoods has challenged the predominant approach to neighborhood as a single static unit. This article argues that we need to move away from neighborhood effects and study multiscale context effects. The article systematically examines how estimates of spatial contextual effects vary when altering the spatial scale of context, how this translates across urban space, and what the consequences are when using an inappropriate scale, in the absence of theory. Using individual-level geocoded data from The Netherlands, we created 101 bespoke areas around each individual. We ran 101 models of personal income to examine the effect of living in a low-income spatial context, focusing on four distinct regions. We found that contextual effects vary over both scales and urban settings, with the largest effects not necessarily present at the smallest spatial scale. Ultimately, the magnitude of contextual effects is determined by various spatial processes, along with the variability in urban structure. Therefore, using an inappropriate spatial scale can considerably bias (upward or downward) spatial context effects.