Role of lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis. (28th December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xie, Hongsheng; Yang, Xiufang; Cao, Yuan; Long, Xipeng; Shang, Huifang; Jia, Zhiyun
• Is Part Of: CNS neuroscience & therapeutics. Volume 28:Number 3(2022)
• Page Start: 319
• Page End: 331
• Publication Date: 2021-12-28
• Subjects: efficacy and safety -- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis -- lipoic acid -- multiple sclerosis; Neuropharmacology -- Periodicals; Central nervous system -- Diseases -- Effect of drugs on -- Periodicals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1111/cns.13793
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1755-5930

Abstract

Abstract: Lipoic acid (LA) is an endogenous antioxidant that exists widely in nature. Supplementation with LA is a promising approach to improve the outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of both in vitro and in vivo studies describing the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and mechanism of LA in MS‐related experiments and clinical trials. A total of 516 records were identified by searching five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Overall, we included 20 studies reporting LA effects in cell and mouse models of MS and 12 studies reporting LA effects in patients with MS. Briefly, cell experiments revealed that LA protected neurons by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators and activities of immune cells. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse experiments demonstrated that LA consistently reduced the number of infiltrating immune cells in the central nervous system and decreased the clinical disability scores. Patients with MS showed relatively stable Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and better walking performance with few adverse events after the oral administration of LA. Notably, heterogeneity of this evidence existed among modeling methods, LA usage, MS stage, and trial duration. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects of LA in both in vitro and in vivo experiments; therefore, patients with MS may benefit from LA administration. Whether LA can be a routine supplementary therapy warrants further study. Abstract : Lipoic acid protects the central nervous system by immunomodulation and antioxidation. In the periphery, LA prevents inflammatory cells from crossing the BBB and protects brain endothelial cells. In the CNS, LA inhibits the activity of T cells/microglia, decreases the expression of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ, and neutralizes ROS and NO.