Fossil evidence for Paleocene diversification of Araceae: Bognerospadix gen. nov. and Orontiophyllum grandifolium comb. nov. Issue 8 (25th August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Stockey, Ruth A.; Hoffman, Georgia L.; Rothwell, Gar W.
• Is Part Of: American journal of botany. Volume 108:Issue 8(2021)
• Page Start: 1417
• Page End: 1440
• Publication Date: 2021-08-25
• Subjects: Alismaphyllites -- fossil leaves -- Lysichiton -- spadix -- Spathiphyllum; Botany -- Periodicals; Botany; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 580
• DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1707
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-9122

Abstract

Abstract: Premise: Nearly 200 araceous leaves and two spadices have been identified among Paleocene fossils from the Blindman River locality near Blackfalds, Alberta, Canada. Although not found in attachment, these probably represent parts of the same extinct plant species. Methods: Specimens were studied using light microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses using a morphological matrix of living and fossil Araceae were performed using TNT version 1.5 to help establish relationships of the fossil leaves and spadices within Araceae and to each other. Results: Leaves are simple with a broad petiole, entire margin, and elliptic to ovate or oblong blade with an acute to slightly rounded apex. A multi‐veined midrib extends into the basal region of the blade. Parallelodromous primary veins of two orders diverge at acute angles, converging with a submarginal vein or at the apex. Transverse veins are opposite percurrent, producing rectangular to polygonal areoles. Higher‐order veins are mixed opposite/alternate. Spadices are cylindrical, with helically arranged, bisexual, perigoniate flowers, each with six free tepals and a protruding style. Fruits are trilocular, with axile placentation and one seed per locule. Conclusions: Leaves are assignable to the fossil genus Orontiophyllum J. Kvaček & S.Y. Sm. as O. grandifolium comb. nov. Spadices are described as Bognerospadix speirsia e gen. et sp. nov. Leaves and spadices each conform to an early‐diverging lineage of Araceae, increasing the known diversity of Proto‐Araceae (viz., subfamilies Gymnostachydoideae and Orontioideae). Together, they provide strong evidence for extinct Proto‐Araceae with novel combinations of characters shortly after the Cretaceous‐Paleogene floral transition.