Effect of high population density of eastern black rhinoceros, a mega‐browser, on the quality of its diet. (30th May 2021)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Effect of high population density of eastern black rhinoceros, a mega‐browser, on the quality of its diet. (30th May 2021)
- Main Title:
- Effect of high population density of eastern black rhinoceros, a mega‐browser, on the quality of its diet
- Authors:
- Okita‐Ouma, Benson
Pettifor, Richard
Clauss, Marcus
Prins, Herbert H. T. - Abstract:
- Abstract: High density of herbivore populations can lead to intense foraging competition and depletion of food consequently lowering diet quality and population performance. We tested for the effects of the density of eastern black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis michaeli ) in nine in situ populations of 0.01–0.7 individuals per km 2 density range on the quality of their diet while controlling for plant available moisture and plant available nutrients. We used faecal calcium, phosphorus, copper and zinc concentrations as proxy indices for dietary quality from 473 fresh faecal samples obtained from 77 adult animals in situ, after determining a positive faeces‐diet mineral correlation in feeding trials with black rhinoceros in zoos. Some populations surpassed 70%–80% of their estimated maximum stocking densities expected to cause impact on forage. However, we did not find significant correlation between rhino population density and dietary quality, as measured via faecal mineral nutrient content. This suggests that black rhinoceros may have sufficient behavioural plasticity to adjust their diet to cover their nutritional requirements when density increases. Instead, 1‐month lagged plant available moisture, reflecting precipitation over the 4 weeks preceding each sampling effort, significantly explained the mineral concentrations in the faeces. By contrast, plant available nutrients had no effect. Résumé: Une forte densité de populations d'herbivores peut entraîner une intenseAbstract: High density of herbivore populations can lead to intense foraging competition and depletion of food consequently lowering diet quality and population performance. We tested for the effects of the density of eastern black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis michaeli ) in nine in situ populations of 0.01–0.7 individuals per km 2 density range on the quality of their diet while controlling for plant available moisture and plant available nutrients. We used faecal calcium, phosphorus, copper and zinc concentrations as proxy indices for dietary quality from 473 fresh faecal samples obtained from 77 adult animals in situ, after determining a positive faeces‐diet mineral correlation in feeding trials with black rhinoceros in zoos. Some populations surpassed 70%–80% of their estimated maximum stocking densities expected to cause impact on forage. However, we did not find significant correlation between rhino population density and dietary quality, as measured via faecal mineral nutrient content. This suggests that black rhinoceros may have sufficient behavioural plasticity to adjust their diet to cover their nutritional requirements when density increases. Instead, 1‐month lagged plant available moisture, reflecting precipitation over the 4 weeks preceding each sampling effort, significantly explained the mineral concentrations in the faeces. By contrast, plant available nutrients had no effect. Résumé: Une forte densité de populations d'herbivores peut entraîner une intense compétition pour le fourrage et un épuisement de nourriture, ce qui réduit la qualité du régime alimentaire et les performances de la population. Nous avons testé les effets de la densité du rhinocéros noir de l'Est ( Diceros bicornis michaeli ) dans neuf populations in situ d'une densité de l'ordre de 0, 01 à 0, 7 individu par km 2 sur la qualité de leur alimentation tout en contrôlant l'humidité et les nutriments disponibles pour les plantes. Nous avons utilisé les concentrations fécales de calcium, de phosphore, de cuivre et de zinc comme indices indirects de la qualité de l'alimentation sous la base de 473 échantillons de matières fécales fraîches provenant de 77 animaux adultes in situ, après avoir déterminé une corrélation minérale fécale‐régime positive dans des essais d'alimentation avec des rhinocéros noirs dans des zoos. Certaines populations ont dépassé 70 à 80% de leur densité maximale de peuplement estimée pour avoir un impact sur le fourrage. Cependant, nous n'avons pas trouvé de corrélation significative entre la densité de la population de rhinocéros et la qualité de l'alimentation, telle que mesurée par la teneur en nutriments minéraux fécaux. Cela démontre que les rhinocéros noirs peuvent avoir une plasticité comportementale suffisante pour ajuster leur alimentation afin de couvrir leurs besoins nutritionnels lorsque la densité augmente. Au lieu de cela, l'humidité disponible des plantes décalée d'un mois, reflétant les précipitations au cours des 4 semaines précédant chaque effort d'échantillonnage, a expliqué de manière significative les concentrations de minéraux dans les fèces. En revanche, les nutriments disponibles pour les plantes n'avaient aucun effet. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- African journal of ecology. Volume 59:Number 4(2021)
- Journal:
- African journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 59:Number 4(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 59, Issue 4 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 59
- Issue:
- 4
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0059-0004-0000
- Page Start:
- 826
- Page End:
- 841
- Publication Date:
- 2021-05-30
- Subjects:
- black rhinoceros -- diet quality -- faecal minerals -- plant available nutrients and moisture -- population density
Zoology -- Africa -- Periodicals
Ecology -- Africa -- Periodicals
Wildlife management -- Africa -- Periodicals
Zoology -- Africa, East -- Periodicals
Ecology -- Africa, East -- Periodicals
Wildlife management -- Africa, East -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2028 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/aje.12893 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0141-6707
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 0732.519000
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