"We (still) charge genocide": A systematic review and synthesis of the direct and indirect health consequences of police violence in the United States. (April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Haile, Rahwa; Rowell-Cunsolo, Tawandra; Hyacinthe, Marie-Fatima; Alang, Sirry
• Is Part Of: Social science & medicine. Volume 322(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-04
• Subjects: Racism -- Systematic review -- Police violence -- anti-Blackness -- Social justice movements; Social medicine -- Periodicals; Medical anthropology -- Periodicals; Public health -- Periodicals; Psychology -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine sociale -- Périodiques; Anthropologie médicale -- Périodiques; Santé publique -- Périodiques; Psychologie -- Périodiques; Médecine -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115784
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0277-9536

Abstract

Abstract: Building on historical and contemporary efforts to eliminate police and other forms of state violence, and on the understanding that police violence is a social determinant of health, we conducted a systematic review in which we synthesize the existing literature around 1) racial disparities in police violence; 2) health impacts of direct exposure to police violence; and 3) health impacts of indirect exposure to police violence. We screened 336 studies and excluded 246, due to not meeting our inclusion criteria. Forty-eight additional studies were excluded during the full text review, resulting in a study sample size of 42 studies. Our review showed that Black people in the US are far more likely than white people to experience a range of forms of police violence: from fatal and nonfatal shootings, to assault and psychological violence. Exposure to police violence increases risk of multiple adverse health outcomes. Moreover, police violence may operate as a vicarious and ecological exposure, producing consequences beyond those directly assaulted. In order to successfully eliminate police violence, scholars must work in alignment with social justice movements. Highlights: Black people in the US are more likely than whites to experience police violence. Direct exposure to police violence increases risk of adverse health outcomes. Police violence may operate indirectly, producing harms beyond direct victims.