The client net state: Trajectories of state control over cyberspace. Issue 1 (2nd December 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- The client net state: Trajectories of state control over cyberspace. Issue 1 (2nd December 2022)
- Main Title:
- The client net state: Trajectories of state control over cyberspace
- Authors:
- Harvey, Callum J.
Moore, Christopher L. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Social media corporations have become fixtures of daily life to the extent they are regularly compared to states in size and scope. These corporations and their platforms have become the dominant stakeholders of cyberspace, operating as state‐like cyber actors, or net states. Previous approaches have limited the net state to the online, framing their populations and agendas separate to the material reality of their everyday operations, overlooking the tangible overlap between sovereignty and cyberspace. In this article, we examine whether net states can be co‐opted into the apparatus of state in a manner comparable to client states. We examine the case of WeChat, the Chinese multipurpose messaging and social media app developed by Tencent in its operation as a client net state of the People's Republic of China. The interactions between these actors are mapped using a methodological framework incorporating actor‐network theory to demonstrate the existence of client net states, and how they may be deployed to expand a state's influence and cyber sovereignty beyond its physical borders. 摘要: 社交媒体公司已经成为日常生活的一部分,以至于其经常在规模和范围上被比作国家。这些公司及其平台已成为网络空间的主要利益攸关方,并作为类似国家的网络行动者(或网络国家)进行运作。以往的研究方法将网络国家限制于网络,将其人口和议程与其日常运作的物质现实相分离,忽视了主权和网络空间之间有形的重叠(Wichowski 2017, 2020; X 2021)。本文中,我们分析了网络国家能否以可与从属国相较的方式被拉拢为国家机器的一部分。我们研究了微信这一案例,微信是由中国腾讯开发的多用途(包括发消息)社交媒体应用程序,腾讯则作为中国的从属网络国进行运营。通过一项结合行动者网络理论的方法论框架,对这些行动者之间的交互作用加以映射,以证明从属网络国的存在,以及如何部署从属网络国进而将国家影响力和网络主权扩展到其物理边界之外。 Resumen: LasAbstract: Social media corporations have become fixtures of daily life to the extent they are regularly compared to states in size and scope. These corporations and their platforms have become the dominant stakeholders of cyberspace, operating as state‐like cyber actors, or net states. Previous approaches have limited the net state to the online, framing their populations and agendas separate to the material reality of their everyday operations, overlooking the tangible overlap between sovereignty and cyberspace. In this article, we examine whether net states can be co‐opted into the apparatus of state in a manner comparable to client states. We examine the case of WeChat, the Chinese multipurpose messaging and social media app developed by Tencent in its operation as a client net state of the People's Republic of China. The interactions between these actors are mapped using a methodological framework incorporating actor‐network theory to demonstrate the existence of client net states, and how they may be deployed to expand a state's influence and cyber sovereignty beyond its physical borders. 摘要: 社交媒体公司已经成为日常生活的一部分,以至于其经常在规模和范围上被比作国家。这些公司及其平台已成为网络空间的主要利益攸关方,并作为类似国家的网络行动者(或网络国家)进行运作。以往的研究方法将网络国家限制于网络,将其人口和议程与其日常运作的物质现实相分离,忽视了主权和网络空间之间有形的重叠(Wichowski 2017, 2020; X 2021)。本文中,我们分析了网络国家能否以可与从属国相较的方式被拉拢为国家机器的一部分。我们研究了微信这一案例,微信是由中国腾讯开发的多用途(包括发消息)社交媒体应用程序,腾讯则作为中国的从属网络国进行运营。通过一项结合行动者网络理论的方法论框架,对这些行动者之间的交互作用加以映射,以证明从属网络国的存在,以及如何部署从属网络国进而将国家影响力和网络主权扩展到其物理边界之外。 Resumen: Las corporaciones de redes sociales se han convertido en elementos fijos de la vida diaria en la medida en que se comparan regularmente con los estados en tamaño y alcance. Estas corporaciones y sus plataformas se han convertido en las partes interesadas dominantes del ciberespacio, operando como ciberactores similares a estados o estados de la red. Los enfoques anteriores han limitado el estado de la red a la red, enmarcando sus poblaciones y agendas separadas de la realidad material de sus operaciones cotidianas, pasando por alto la superposición tangible entre la soberanía y el ciberespacio (Wichowski 2017, 2020; X 2021). En este artículo, examinamos si los estados netos pueden incorporarse al aparato estatal de una manera comparable a los estados clientes. Examinamos el caso de WeChat, la aplicación china multipropósito de mensajería y redes sociales desarrollada por Tencent en su operación como red de clientes del estado de la República Popular China. Las interacciones entre estos actores se mapean utilizando un marco metodológico que incorpora la teoría del actor‐red para demostrar la existencia de estados de red de clientes y cómo se pueden implementar para expandir la influencia y la cibersoberanía de un estado más allá de sus fronteras físicas. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Policy and internet. Volume 15:Issue 1(2023)
- Journal:
- Policy and internet
- Issue:
- Volume 15:Issue 1(2023)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 15, Issue 1 (2023)
- Year:
- 2023
- Volume:
- 15
- Issue:
- 1
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2023-0015-0001-0000
- Page Start:
- 133
- Page End:
- 151
- Publication Date:
- 2022-12-02
- Subjects:
- actor‐network theory -- cyber policy -- international relations -- net state -- WeChat
网络政策 -- 网络国家 -- 微信 -- 行动者网络理论 -- 国际关系
política cibernética -- estado de la red -- WeChat -- teoría del actor‐red -- relaciones internacionales
Internet -- Government policy -- Periodicals
338.926 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1944-2866 ↗
http://www.bepress.com/pso_internet ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1002/poi3.334 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 1944-2866
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 6543.321740
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 26317.xml