Investigating the effects of Ceylon cinnamon water extract on HepG2 cells for Type 2 diabetes therapy. (13th February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Azimian, Leila; Weerasuriya, Nimalka M.; Munasinghe, Ranjani; Song, Suzie; Lin, Chun‐Yu; You, Lidan
• Is Part Of: Cell biochemistry and function. Volume 41:Number 2(2023)
• Page Start: 254
• Page End: 267
• Publication Date: 2023-02-13
• Subjects: Ceylon cinnamon water extract -- gene expression -- glucose uptake -- HepG2 -- metformin -- viability; Cytochemistry -- Periodicals; Cell metabolism -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; 572
• DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3778
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0263-6484

Abstract

Abstract: Cinnamon and its extracts have been used as herbal remedies for many ailments, including for reducing insulin resistance and diabetes complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing health concern around the world. Although many drugs are available for T2DM treatment, side effects and costs can be considerable, and there is increasing interest in natural products for managing chronic health conditions. Cinnamon may decrease the expression of genes associated with T2DM risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cinnamon water extract (CWE) compared with metformin on T2DM‐related gene expression. HepG2 human hepatoma cells, widely used in drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity studies, were treated with different concentrations of metformin or CWE for 24 or 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT (3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium) assay and glucose uptake was compared in untreated and CWE‐ or metformin‐treated cells under high‐glucose conditions. Finally, total RNA was extracted and analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), and bioinformatics analyses were performed to compare the transcriptional effects of CWE and metformin. We found cell viability was better in cells treated with CWE than in metformin‐treated cells, demonstrating that CWE was not toxic at tested doses. CWE significantly increased glucose uptake in HepG2 cells, to the same degree as metformin (1.4‐fold). RNA‐seq data revealed CWE and metformin both induced significantly increased (1.3‐ to 1.4‐fold) glucose uptake gene expression compared with untreated controls. Transcriptional differences between CWE and metformin were not significant. The effects of 0.125 mg mL −1 CWE on gene expression were comparable to 1.5 mg mL −1 (9.5 mM) metformin. In addition, gene expression at 0.125 mg mL −1 CWE was comparable to 1.5 mg mL −1 (9.5 mM) metformin. Our results reveal that CWE's effects on cell viability, glucose uptake, and gene expression in HepG2 cells are comparable to those of metformin, suggesting CWE may be an effective dietary supplement for mitigating T2DM‐related metabolic dysfunction. Significance statement: Due to adverse effects or inadequacies in current treatment regimes, an increasing number of people are using traditional, alternative therapies to manage Type 2 diabetes. Given the current public interest in natural product medications, and existing evidence for the potential of Ceylon cinnamon as an antidiabetic therapy, it is important to understand how the biological effects of Ceylon cinnamon compare to the first‐line drug, metformin. The effect of a concentrated water‐based Ceylon cinnamon extract on global gene expression in a human cell line was evaluated. Gene expression data was obtained for Ceylon cinnamon used for bioinformatics comparisons with publicly available transcriptomic data sets for metformin‐treated cells. Outcomes of this research provided evidence for the effectiveness of Ceylon cinnamon water extract compared with metformin.