Integrated population models poorly estimate the demographic contribution of immigration. Issue 10 (22nd July 2021)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Integrated population models poorly estimate the demographic contribution of immigration. Issue 10 (22nd July 2021)
- Main Title:
- Integrated population models poorly estimate the demographic contribution of immigration
- Authors:
- Paquet, Matthieu
Knape, Jonas
Arlt, Debora
Forslund, Pär
Pärt, Tomas
Flagstad, Øystein
Jones, Carl G.
Nicoll, Malcolm A. C.
Norris, Ken
Pemberton, Josephine M.
Sand, Håkan
Svensson, Linn
Tatayah, Vikash
Wabakken, Petter
Wikenros, Camilla
Åkesson, Mikael
Low, Matthew - Abstract:
- Abstract: Estimating the contribution of demographic parameters to changes in population growth is essential for understanding why populations fluctuate. Integrated population models (IPMs) offer a possibility to estimate the contributions of additional demographic parameters, for which no data have been explicitly collected—typically immigration. Such parameters are often subsequently highlighted as important drivers of population growth. Yet, accuracy in estimating their temporal variation, and consequently their contribution to changes in population growth rate, has not been investigated. To quantify the magnitude and cause of potential biases when estimating the contribution of immigration using IPMs, we simulated data (using northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe population estimates) from controlled scenarios to examine potential biases and how they depend on IPM parameterization, formulation of priors, the level of temporal variation in immigration and sample size. We also used empirical data on populations with known rates of immigration: Soay sheep Ovis aries and Mauritius kestrel Falco punctatus with zero immigration and grey wolf Canis lupus in Scandinavia with near‐zero immigration. IPMs strongly overestimated the contribution of immigration to changes in population growth in scenarios when immigration was simulated with zero temporal variation (proportion of variance attributed to immigration = 63% for the more constrained formulation and real sample size) and inAbstract: Estimating the contribution of demographic parameters to changes in population growth is essential for understanding why populations fluctuate. Integrated population models (IPMs) offer a possibility to estimate the contributions of additional demographic parameters, for which no data have been explicitly collected—typically immigration. Such parameters are often subsequently highlighted as important drivers of population growth. Yet, accuracy in estimating their temporal variation, and consequently their contribution to changes in population growth rate, has not been investigated. To quantify the magnitude and cause of potential biases when estimating the contribution of immigration using IPMs, we simulated data (using northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe population estimates) from controlled scenarios to examine potential biases and how they depend on IPM parameterization, formulation of priors, the level of temporal variation in immigration and sample size. We also used empirical data on populations with known rates of immigration: Soay sheep Ovis aries and Mauritius kestrel Falco punctatus with zero immigration and grey wolf Canis lupus in Scandinavia with near‐zero immigration. IPMs strongly overestimated the contribution of immigration to changes in population growth in scenarios when immigration was simulated with zero temporal variation (proportion of variance attributed to immigration = 63% for the more constrained formulation and real sample size) and in the wild populations, where the true number of immigrants was zero or near‐zero (kestrel 19.1%–98.2%, sheep 4.2%–36.1% and wolf 84.0%–99.2%). Although the estimation of the contribution of immigration in the simulation study became more accurate with increasing temporal variation and sample size, it was often not possible to distinguish between an accurate estimation from data with high temporal variation versus an overestimation from data with low temporal variation. Unrealistically, large sample sizes may be required to estimate the contribution of immigration well. To minimize the risk of overestimating the contribution of immigration (or any additional parameter) in IPMs, we recommend to: (a) look for evidence of variation in immigration before investigating its contribution to population growth, (b) simulate and model data for comparison to the real data and (c) use explicit data on immigration when possible. Résumé: Estimer la contribution des paramètres démographiques aux changements de croissance des populations est essentiel pour comprendre pourquoi les populations fluctuent. Les modèles de population intégrés (IPMs) offrent la possibilité d'estimer la contribution de paramètres démographiques additionnels, pour lesquels aucune donnée n'est explicitement collectée : typiquement l'immigration. De tels paramètres sont souvent mis en évidence comme étant des moteurs importants de la croissance des populations. Toutefois, la justesse de l'estimation de leur variation temporelle, et donc de leur contribution aux changements du taux de croissance, n'a pas été examinée. Pour quantifier la magnitude et la cause de biais potentiels lors de l'estimation de la contribution de l'immigration avec des IPMs, nous avons simulé des données (en utilisant des estimations issues d'une population de traquet motteux Oenanthe oenanthe ) afin d'examiner ces biais en fonction de la paramétrisation de l'IPM, la formulation des priors, le degré de variation temporelle de l'immigration et la taille d'échantillon. Nous avons également utilisé des données empiriques issues de populations aux taux d'immigration connus : le mouton de Soay Ovis aries et la crécerelle de Maurice Falco punctatus sans immigration et le loup gris Canis lupus en Scandinavie avec une immigration quasi‐nulle. Les IPMs surestiment fortement la contribution de l'immigration aux changements de croissance des populations pour les scénarios où l'immigration était simulée sans variation temporelle (proportion de variance attribuée à l'immigration =63% pour la formulation la plus contrainte et la taille d'échantillon réelle) et pour les populations sauvages, où le vrai nombre d'immigrants était nul ou quasi‐nul (crécerelle 19.1%–98.2%, mouton 4.2%‐36.1%, loup 84.0%–99.2%). Même si l'estimation de la contribution de l'immigration s'améliore lorsque la variation temporelle ou la taille d'échantillon augmentent, il était généralement impossible de distinguer entre une estimation correcte issue de donnés avec haute variation temporelle versus une surestimation issue de donnés avec faible variation temporelle. Seules des tailles d'échantillon déraisonnablement élevées pourraient permettre d'estimer précisément la contribution de l'immigration. Pour minimiser le risque de surestimer la contribution de l'immigration (ou autre paramètre additionnel) avec des IPMs, nous recommandons (i) de rechercher des preuves de variation de l'immigration avant d'étudier sa contribution à la croissance des populations, (ii) de simuler et modéliser des donnés pour comparer avec des données réelles et (iii) d'utiliser des donnés explicites sur l'immigrations lorsque cela est possible. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Methods in ecology and evolution. Volume 12:Issue 10(2021)
- Journal:
- Methods in ecology and evolution
- Issue:
- Volume 12:Issue 10(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 12, Issue 10 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 12
- Issue:
- 10
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0012-0010-0000
- Page Start:
- 1899
- Page End:
- 1910
- Publication Date:
- 2021-07-22
- Subjects:
- immigration -- integrated population models -- parameter estimation -- temporal variation -- transient Life Table Response Experiment contribution
Ecology -- Periodicals
Evolution -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)2041-210X ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/2041-210X.13667 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 2041-210X
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
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- British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
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