Resistant starch type 2 and whole grain maize flours enrich different intestinal bacteria and metatranscriptomes. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bendiks, Zachary A.; Guice, Justin; Coulon, Diana; Raggio, Anne M.; Page, Ryan C.; Carvajal-Aldaz, Diana G.; Luo, Meng; Welsh, David A.; Marx, Brian D.; Taylor, Christopher M.; Husseneder, Claudia; Keenan, Michael J.; Marco, Maria L.
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 90(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: ASV amplicon sequence variant -- COG Cluster of Orthologous Genes -- CON control amylopectin diet -- Faith PD Faith's phylogenetic diversity -- FC fold-change -- FDR false discovery rate -- HF high-fat diet -- LDA linear discriminant analysis -- LEfSe LDA effect size -- MF medium-fat diet -- MG-RAST Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology -- PCoA principal coordinates analysis -- PERMDISP permutational dispersion -- PYY peptide YY -- rRNA ribosomal RNA -- RS high-amylose cornstarch -- SCFA short-chain fatty acids -- SD Sprague-Dawley rats -- TMM trimmed mean of M−values -- WG waxy whole-grain maize flour -- WG+RS high-amylose whole-grain flour; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104982
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Resistant starch was associated with increases in Bacteroidetes. Whole grain maize flour conferred minor effects on the intestinal microbiome. Cecal pH was inversely correlated with starch-degrading bacterial taxa abundance. Resistant starch induces microbial acid tolerance and starch degradative pathways. Abstract: The intestinal microbiota of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were investigated following consumption of diets containing refined high-amylose cornstarch (RS), waxy whole-grain flour from maize (WG), or high-amylose whole-grain flour (WG + RS) together with moderate (MF, 30% of energy) or high (HF, 42% of energy) levels of fat. Compared with control (CON) diets, RS reduced bacterial alpha-diversity and enriched Bacteroidetes and WG increased Lactobacillus proportions by three-fold. WG + RS conferred a combined effect, but the changes were attenuated and greater inter-individual variation was observed. Proportions of fiber-degrading bacterial taxa were inversely correlated with cecal pH. Notably, there was little influence of fat intake on the cecal microbiota. Examination of cecal metatranscriptomes showed that WG and CON diets resulted in similar microbiomes. RS consumption was associated with an increased abundance of either Bacteroides or Prevotella transcripts. Metatranscriptomes of RS-fed rats were consistently enriched in transcripts encoding chaperones, glutamate decarboxylases and glutaminases, and starch degradative enzymes.