SATB2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and specific marker of appendiceal and rectosigmoid well differentiated neuroendocrine tumours. Issue 4 (24th January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hoskoppal, Deepthi; Epstein, Jonathan I; Gown, Allen M; Arnold Egloff, Shanna A; Gordetsky, Jennifer B; Shi, Chanjuan J; Giannico, Giovanna A
• Is Part Of: Histopathology. Volume 76:Issue 4(2020)
• Page Start: 550
• Page End: 559
• Publication Date: 2020-01-24
• Subjects: immunohistochemistry -- neuroendocrine carcinoma -- neuroendocrine tumour -- SATB2; Histology, Pathological -- Periodicals; 611.018
• DOI: 10.1111/his.14012
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0309-0167

Abstract

Abstract : Aims: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NNs) range from well to poorly differentiated and indolent to highly aggressive. The site of origin in metastatic NNs has therapeutic and prognostic implications. SATB2 is a transcriptional regulator involved in osteoblastic and neuronal differentiation and is a sensitive and specific marker of colorectal epithelium. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of SATB2 in NNs from various primary sites and its utility as a marker in determining the site of origin of these neoplasms. Methods and results: SATB2 immunohistochemistry was performed on 266 NNs, including lung small cell carcinomas ( n = 39) and carcinoids ( n = 30), bladder ( n = 21) and prostate ( n = 31) small cell carcinomas, and gastrointestinal (GI)/pancreatic NNs of various primary sites ( n = 145) consisting of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (WDNET)s ( n = 124) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PDNEC)s ( n = 21). SATB2 was expressed in prostatic (10 of 31, 32%) and bladder (eight of 21, 38%) small cell carcinomas, lung carcinoid tumours (one of 30, 3%), and lung small cell carcinomas (eight of 39, 21%). Among primary GI NNs, SATB2 was expressed in 37 of 124 (30%) WDNETs and four of 21 (19%) PDNECs. Of the former, 15 of 15 (100%) rectal/rectosigmoid and 22 of 22 (100%) appendiceal neoplasms expressed SATB2. Using receiver operator characteristic analysis, SATB2 was a sensitive and specific marker for rectal (100.0%, 80.0%) and appendiceal (100.0%, 84.5%) WDNETs, respectively. Conclusions: In summary, SATB2 is a sensitive and specific marker for rectal/rectosigmoid and appendiceal WDNETs, and may represent a useful diagnostic tool when these sites of origin are considered in the differential diagnosis.