SARS-CoV-2 live virus neutralization after four COVID-19 vaccine doses in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. (1st April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cheung, Peter K.; Lapointe, Hope R.; Sang, Yurou; Ennis, Siobhan; Mwimanzi, Francis; Speckmaier, Sarah; Barad, Evan; Dong, Winnie; Liang, Richard; Simons, Janet; Lowe, Christopher F.; Romney, Marc G.; Brumme, Chanson J.; Niikura, Masahiro; Brockman, Mark A.; Brumme, Zabrina L.
• Other Names: collaborator.
• Is Part Of: AIDS. Volume 37:Number 5(2023)
• Page Start: F11
• Page End: F18
• Publication Date: 2023-04-01
• Subjects: COVID-19 -- fourth dose -- HIV -- hybrid immunity -- Omicron BA.5 -- Omicron BQ.1 -- vaccine -- viral neutralization; AIDS (Disease) -- Periodicals; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; AIDS (Disease); Periodicals; Periodicals; 616.9792005
• DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003519
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-9370

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: Limited data exist regarding the immune benefits of fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses in people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly now that most have experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We quantified wild-type, Omicron-BA.5 and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization up to 1 month post-fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose in 63 (19 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 44 SARS-CoV-2-experienced) PWH. Design: A longitudinal observational cohort. Methods: Quantification of wild-type-, Omicron-BA.5, and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization using live virus assays. Results: Participants received monovalent (44%) and bivalent (56%) mRNA fourth doses. In COVID-19-naive PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type and Omicron-BA.5-specific neutralization modestly above three-dose levels ( P = 0.1). In COVID-19-experienced PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type specific neutralization modestly ( P = 0.1) and BA.5-specific neutralization substantially ( P = 0.002). Consistent with humoral benefits of 'hybrid' immunity, COVID-19-experienced PWH exhibited the highest neutralization post-fourth dose, wherein those with Omicron-era infections displayed higher wild-type specific ( P = 0.04) but similar BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization than those with pre-Omicron-era infections. Nevertheless, BA.5-specific neutralization was significantly below wild-type in everyone regardless of COVID-19 experience, with BQ.1-specific neutralization lower still (both P < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses, fourth dose valency did not affect neutralization magnitude. Rather, an mRNA-1273 fourth dose (versus a BNT162b2 one) was the strongest correlate of wild-type specific neutralization, while prior COVID-19, regardless of pandemic era, was the strongest correlate of BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization post-fourth dose. Conclusion: Fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses, irrespective of valency, benefit PWH regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results support recommendations that all adults receive a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose within 6 months of their third dose (or their most recent SARS-CoV-2 infection).