Mimicking megakaryopoiesis in vitro using biomaterials: Recent advances and future opportunities. (15th September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ingavle, Ganesh; Shabrani, Namrata; Vaidya, Anuradha; Kale, Vaijayanti
• Is Part Of: Acta biomaterialia. Volume 96(2019)
• Page Start: 99
• Page End: 110
• Publication Date: 2019-09-15
• Subjects: In vitro megakaryopoiesis -- Platelets -- Interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel -- Biomaterials; Biomedical materials -- Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.025
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1742-7061

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Presently donor-derived platelets used in the clinic are associated with concerns about adequate availability, expense, risk of bacterial contamination and complications due to immunological reaction. To prevail over our dependence on transfusion of donor-derived platelets, efforts are being made to generate them in vitro . Development of biomaterials that support or mimic bone marrow niche micro-environmental cues could improve the in vitro production of platelets from megakaryocytes (MKs) derived from various stem cell sources. In spite of significant advances in the production of MKs from various stem cell sources using 2D as well as 3D culture approaches in vitro and the development of biomaterials-based platelet systems, yield and quality of these platelets remains unsuitable for clinical use. Thus, in vitro production of clinically useful platelets on a large scale remains an unmet target to date. This review summarizes the most frequently used 2D and 3D approaches to generate MKs and platelets in vitro, emphasizing the importance of mimicking in vivo micro-environment. Further, this review proposes the use of interpenetrating network (IPN) biomaterial-based approach as a promising strategy for improving the generation of MK and platelets in sufficient numbers in vitro. Statement of Significance: Thrombocytopenia is one of the major global health and socio-economic problems. Transfusion with donor-derived platelets (PLTs) is the only effective treatment for this condition. However, this approach is limited by factors like short shelf-life of PLTs, PLT activation, alloimmunization, risk of bacterial contamination, infection etc. In vitro generated MKs and PLTs derived from non-donor-dependent sources may help to overcome the platelet transfusion concerns. Here we have reviewed various 2D and 3D strategies used for in vitro generation of MKs and PLTs, with special emphasis on various biomaterial platforms and different physico/chemical cues being used for the purpose. We have also proposed a biomaterial-based approach of using interpenetrating network (IPN) for generating clinically relevant numbers of MKs and PLTs.