Experimental study of DED-arc additively manufactured steel double-lap shear bolted connections. (15th April 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guo, Xi; Kyvelou, Pinelopi; Ye, Jun; Teh, Lip H.; Gardner, Leroy
• Is Part Of: Engineering structures. Volume 281(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-04-15
• Subjects: 3D printing -- Bolted connections -- End-splitting -- Localised tearing -- Shear-out -- Incidental block shear -- Double-shear connections -- Wire arc additive manufacturing; Structural engineering -- Periodicals; Structural analysis (Engineering) -- Periodicals; Construction, Technique de la -- Périodiques; Génie parasismique -- Périodiques; Pression du vent -- Périodiques; Earthquake engineering; Structural engineering; Wind-pressure; Periodicals; 624.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.115736
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0141-0296

Abstract

Highlights: Tensile tests on WAAM steel sheet material performed. Tests on WAAM steel double-lap shear bolted connections presented. Non-contact measurement methods used to determine specimen geometry and deformations. Observed failure modes discussed and a new failure mode identified. Applicability of existing design provisions to WAAM connections assessed. Abstract: An experimental study into the structural behaviour of Directed Energy Deposition-arc or wire arc additively manufactured (DED-arc AM and WAAM, respectively) steel double-lap shear bolted connections is presented. The mechanical properties of the material, which had a nominal yield stress of 420 MPa, were first determined by means of tensile coupon tests. Sixty connection specimens of two different nominal thicknesses and two print layer orientations were then tested to failure. The geometry of the test specimens was determined by 3D laser scanning, while the deformation and strain fields were measured during testing using digital image correlation. The observed failure modes included shear-out, net section tension, bearing and end-splitting, while a new hybrid mode of shear-out and net section tension was identified for the first time. The test results were compared against the predictions of current design specifications, namely AISI S100 and AS/NZS 4600 for cold-formed steel and AISC 360 and Eurocode 3 for structural steel, to evaluate their applicability to WAAM elements. Overall, the structural behaviour of the tested specimens followed the anticipated trends, and the predicted resistances determined from the current design specifications were generally reasonable. There were, however, a number of exceptions to this, highlighting the need for new design provisions, together with appropriate safety factors, that are specific to this form of manufacture.