A Functional Classification of Text Annotations for Engineering Design. (May 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Company, Pedro; Camba, Jorge D.; Patalano, Stanislao; Vitolo, Ferdinando; Lanzotti, Antonio
• Is Part Of: Computer aided design. Volume 158(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-05
• Subjects: Annotations -- Model-based definition -- Text annotations; Computer-aided design -- Periodicals; Engineering design -- Data processing -- Periodicals; Computer graphics -- Periodicals; Conception technique -- Informatique -- Périodiques; Infographie -- Périodiques; Computer graphics; Engineering design -- Data processing; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 620.00420285
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cad.2023.103486
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0010-4485

Abstract

Abstract: Describing and supplementing geometric shapes (parts) and layouts (assemblies) with relevant information is key for successful product design communication. 3D annotation tools are widely available in commercial systems, but they are generally used in the same manner as 2D annotations in traditional engineering drawings. The gap between technology and practices is particularly evident in plain text annotations. In this paper, we introduce a functional classification of text annotations to provide an information framework for shifting traditional annotation practices towards the Model-Based Definition (MBD) paradigm. In our view, the current classification of dimensions, tolerances, symbols, notes, and text does not stress the inherent properties of two broader categories: symbols and text. Symbol-based annotations use a symbolic language (mostly standardized) such as Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) to provide precise information about the implications of geometric imperfections in manufacturing, whereas notes and text are based on non-standardized and unstructured plain text, and can be used to convey design information. We advocate that text annotations can be characterized in four different functional types (objectives, requirements, rationale, and intent), which should be classified as such when annotations are added to a model. The identification and definition of a formalized structure and syntax can enable the management of the annotations as separate entities, thus leveraging their individual features, or as a group to gain a global and collective view of the design problem. The proposed classification was tested with a group of users in a redesign task that involved a series of geometric changes to an annotated assembly model. Highlights: A classification is proposed for shifting traditional annotation practices towards the Model-Based Definition paradigm. Four functional types are described, which should be clearly identified in the 3D model. The classification is tested with a group of users in a redesign task. The approach is intended to inform novel mechanisms for using annotations as a data source for engineering design.