Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus-1 (CaChPV-1) infection in diarrheic dogs reveals viral endotheliotropism in intestine and lung. Issue 1 (31st December 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Piewbang, Chutchai; Lohavicharn, Pattiya; Nguyen, Tin Van; Punyathi, Panitnan; Kasantikul, Tanit; Techangamsuwan, Somporn
• Is Part Of: Veterinary quarterly. Volume 43:Issue 1(2023)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 10
• Publication Date: 2023-12-31
• Subjects: Canine -- dog -- Chaphamaparvovirus -- CaChPV-1 -- cachavirus -- parvovirus -- diarrhea -- enteritis -- pneumonia; Veterinary medicine -- Periodicals; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary medicine -- Periodicals; Veterinary research -- Periodicals; Veterinary medicine; Periodicals; Periodicals; 636.089
• DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2185696
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0165-2176

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus-1 (CaChPV-1) is a parvovirus identified in dogs and association of infection with diarrhea is controversial. Information on whether tissue tropism persists is lacking. Objectives: To determine the disease association of CaChPV-1 in dogs with diarrhea and to investigate viral tropism and genetic diversity. Animals and methods: CaChPV-1 infection was investigated in five recently deceased puppies and designed a retrospective study to determine whether the presence of CaChPV-1 is associated with diarrhea. The retrospective study was conducted in 137 intestinal tissue samples and 168 fecal samples obtained from 305 dogs. CaChPV-1 tissue localization was determined using in situ hybridization, and CaChPV-1 complete genomes obtained from dead puppies and retrospective study were sequenced and analyzed. Results: CaChPV-1 was detected in 6.56% (20/305) of tested dogs, including 14 diarrheic- and 6 non-diarrheic dogs, and was significant in puppies with diarrhea ( p = 0.048). Among the CaChPV-1-positive diarrheic dogs, one sample was obtained from intestinal tissue and 13 samples were fecal samples. However, six CaChPV-1 positive non-diarrheic dogs were based on fecal samples but not on intestinal tissue. Within the age range, the presence of CaChPV-1 was significant in puppies ( p < 0.00001) and was mainly localized in the stromal and endothelial cells of intestinal villi and pulmonary alveoli. Phylogenetic analysis indicated genetic diversity of CaChPV-1 Thai strains that were mostly clustered within the sequences found in China. Conclusions: Although definitive pathogenesis of CaChPV-1 remains undetermined, this study provides evidence supporting that CaChPV-1 localizes in canine cells and could play a potential role as an enteric pathogen.