Degradation of antibiotic amoxicillin from pharmaceutical industry wastewater into a continuous flow reactor using supercritical water gasification. (1st May 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dias, Isabela M.; Mourão, Lucas C.; Andrade, Laiane A.; Souza, Guilherme B.M.; Viana, Júlio C.V.; Oliveira, Sergio B.; Alonso, Christian G.
• Is Part Of: Water research. Volume 234(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-05-01
• Subjects: Industrial effluent -- Pharmaceutical residues -- Supercritical water -- Wastewater treatment -- Emergent pollutants; Water -- Pollution -- Research -- Periodicals; 363.7394
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119826
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0043-1354

Abstract

Highlights: SCW technology was applied to oxidize antibiotic amoxicillin (AMOX) in water. Effects of temperature, feed flow rate, and H2 O2 concentration were evaluated. Temperature had the most significant effect on total organic removal (%RTOC ). Pharmaceutical industry effluent treated had%RTOC = 78.4 and 96% of AMOX degraded. Abstract: In recent years the concern with emerging pollutants in water has become more prominent, especially pharmaceutical residues, such as antibiotics due to the influence to increase antibacterial resistance. Further, conventional wastewater treatment methods have not demonstrated efficiency for the complete degradation of these compounds, or they have limitations to treat a large volume of waste. In this sense, this study aims to investigate the degradation of amoxicillin, one of the most prescribed antibiotics, in wastewater via supercritical water gasification (SCWG) using a continuous flow reactor. For this purpose, the process operating conditions of temperature, feed flow rate, and concentration of H2 O2 was evaluated using Experimental Design and Response Surface Methodology techniques and optimized by Differential Evolution methodology. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradability, reaction time, amoxicillin degradation rate, toxicity of degradation by-products, and gaseous products were evaluated. The use of SCWG for treatment achieved 78.4% of the TOC removal for the industrial wastewater. In the gaseous products, hydrogen was the majority component. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses demonstrated that the antibiotic amoxicillin was degraded. For a mass flow rate of 15 mg/min of amoxicillin fed into the reaction system, 14.4 mg/min was degraded. Toxicity tests with microcrustacean Artemia salina showed slight toxicity to treated wastewater. Despite that, the outcomes reveal the SCWG has great potential to degrade amoxicillin and may be applied to treat several pharmaceutical pollutants. Aside from this, carbon-rich effluents may lead to a significant energy gaseous product, especially, hydrogen and syngas. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract