The capture of airborne particulates by rain. (10th March 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Speirs, Nathan B.; Belden, Jesse L.; Hellum, Aren M.
• Is Part Of: Journal of fluid mechanics. Volume 958(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-03-10
• Subjects: gas/liquid flow -- drops -- capillary flows; Fluid mechanics -- Periodicals; 532.005
• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2023.101
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-1120

Abstract

Abstract: Abstract : Rain cleans pollution out of the atmosphere, as droplets collide with airborne particles during free fall. Such particle–droplet collisions have been presumed to be capture events, but the details of such collisions lack thorough investigation. We show that rain droplets and pollution particles interact through multiple collision behaviours, including captures on the droplet surface, cavity-forming droplet entries and ricochets. Rain drop diameter and free fall velocity, in addition to pollution particle density, size, wettability and droplet impact location, determine which capture or escape behaviour occurs. Our findings reveal that rain does not capture all airborne pollutants equally even upon collision, and certain pollutants prove more difficult to remove from the air than others. Consequently, we must account for both rain and pollution characteristics to understand pollution capture mechanisms and pollution fluxes in the environment.