Memory-augmented appearance-motion network for video anomaly detection. (June 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Le; Tian, Junwen; Zhou, Sanping; Shi, Haoyue; Hua, Gang
• Is Part Of: Pattern recognition. Volume 138(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-06
• Subjects: Anomaly detection -- Memory network -- Autoencoder -- Abnormal events; Pattern perception -- Periodicals; Perception des structures -- Périodiques; Patroonherkenning; 006.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2023.109335
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0031-3203

Abstract

Highlights: We propose a memory-augmented appearance-motion network (MAAM-Net) for video anomaly detection. A margin-based latent loss is introduced to improve the sparsity and generalization of normal patterns in the memory module. A patch-based detection method is proposed to highlight the local response of abnormal events and suppress the response of normal events. Extensive experimental results compared with competing methods and ablative studies validate the efficacy of our proposed method. Abstract: Video anomaly detection is a promising yet challenging task, where only normal events are observed in the training phase. Without any explicit classification boundary between normal and abnormal events, anomaly detection can be turned into an outlier detection problem by regarding any event that does not conform to the normal patterns as an anomaly. Most of the existing works mainly focus on improving the representation of normal events, while ignore the relationship between normal and abnormal events. Besides, the lack of restrictions on classification boundaries also leads to performance degradation. To address the above problems, we design a novel autoencoder-based Memory-Augmented Appearance-Motion Network (MAAM-Net), which consists of a novel end-to-end network to learn appearance and motion feature of a given input frame, a fused memory module to build a bridge for normal and abnormal events, a well-designed margin-based latent loss to relieve the computation costs, and a pointed Patch-based Stride Convolutional Detection (PSCD) algorithm to eliminate the degradation phenomenon. Specifically, the memory module is embedded between the encoder and decoder, which serves as a sparse dictionary of normal patterns, therefore it can be further employed to reintegrate abnormal events during inference. To further distort the reintegration quality of abnormal events, the margin-based latent loss is leveraged to enforce the memory module to select a sparse set of critical memory items. Last but not least, the simple yet effective detection method focuses on patches rather than the overall frame responses, which can benefit from the distortion of abnormal events. Extensive experiments and ablation studies on three anomaly detection benchmarks, i.e., UCSD Ped2, CUHK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech, demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed MAAM-Net. Notably, we achieve superior AUC performances on UCSD Ped2 (0.977), CHUK Avenue (0.909), and ShanghaiTech (0.713). The code is publicly available at https://github.com/Owen-Tian/MAAM-Net .