Bulb retouchers half a million years ago: New evidence from late Acheulean Jaljulia, Israel. (February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mathias, Cyrielle; Lemorini, Cristina; Marinelli, Flavia; Sánchez-Dehesa Galán, Sol; Shemer, Maayan; Barkai, Ran
• Is Part Of: Journal of archaeological science. Volume 47(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02
• Subjects: Late Acheulean -- Bulb retoucher -- Retouch -- Percussion -- Tool-kit -- Acheuleo-Yabroudian; Archaeology -- Periodicals; Archaeology -- Research -- Periodicals; 930.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103821
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-409X

Abstract

Highlights: Flake-tools with ventral surface pits were identified at late Acheulean Jaljulia. Bulb retouchers first appeared in the Levant as early as 500, 000 years ago. We also identified bulb retouchers during the Acheuleo-Yabroudian, which shows a continuity in the use of these tools between the late Acheulean and the Mousterian in the Levant. Abstract: Bulb retouchers (or flint retouchers) are a specific tool category applied in stone knapping activities, commonly associated with Middle Palaeolithic assemblages and late Pleistocene hominins in north Africa, the Levant and Europe. A few flint flakes with pits on the ventral surface were identified in the lithic assemblage of Area D at late Acheulean Jaljulia, dated to ca. 500 ka. Here we present a techno-typological analysis of these items as well as the percussive marks. Like many Middle Palaeolithic bulb retouchers, those used at Jaljulia consist mainly of retouched items or combined matrices (a tool and/or a core). Here we present the earliest evidence for the use of bulb retouchers during late Acheulean times in the Levant, thus demonstrating their roots in the Lower Palaeolithic lithic repertoire. Further analyses will allow us to more accurately interpret their use as a percussor. This study constitutes the first step in understanding the role and significance of bulb retouchers in early human tool-kits during the late Lower Palaeolithic in the Levant and demonstrates that such items were envisioned and employed hundreds of thousands of years earlier than previously known.