Deep-sea fishes in a sauna: Viperfishes dominate a submarine caldera. (March 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bergman, Leah A.; Sangekar, Mehul N.; Hidaka, Mitsuko; Lindsay, Dhugal J.
• Is Part Of: Deep sea research. Volume 193(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-03
• Subjects: Ocean warming -- Chauliodus abundance -- ROV survey -- Deep-sea fishes -- Undersea caldera -- Pacific ocean; Oceanography -- Periodicals; Océanographie -- Périodiques; 551.4605
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103950
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0967-0637

Abstract

Abstract: Barbeled dragonfishes (family Stomiidae) are considered rare, solitary deep-sea predators. We document the fish fauna of the Kurose Hole, a submarine caldera within Japanese waters. The area has been surveyed on three occasions: twice in 2000 during the RV 'Natsushima' cruise and once in 2020 during the RV 'Kaimei' cruise. Within the span of twenty years, the base of the caldera warmed from 11.1 °C to 17.8 °C at 790 m. No dragonfishes were observed during the 2000 'Natsushima' expedition while over 1500 viperfishes (genus Chauliodus ) were observed during a five and a half hour period in the 2020 'Kaimei' expedition. Viperfishes have never been seen at such high densities, accounting for 61.4% of fish observations with 6.7 viperfish per 100 m 3 within the benthic boundary layer. All captured dragonfishes were juveniles, suggesting that this population arose from larvae becoming trapped within the caldera as they developed. Highlights: The bottom of the Kurose Hole has warmed by 6.7 °C within twenty years. The depth and temperature ranges of fishes within the Kurose Hole were recorded. Chauliodus density within the Kurose Hole in 2020 was the highest in the world. The dominant fish fauna changed within the Kurose Hole between 2000 and 2020.