Particle acceleration in shearing flows: the case for large-scale jets. Issue 1 (21st May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Jie-Shuang; Reville, Brian; Liu, Ruo-Yu; Rieger, Frank M; Aharonian, Felix A
• Is Part Of: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Volume 505:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 1334
• Page End: 1341
• Publication Date: 2021-05-21
• Subjects: acceleration of particles -- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal -- galaxies: jets -- quasars: general -- gamma-rays: galaxies -- X-rays: galaxies; Astronomy -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 520.5
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab1458
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0035-8711

Abstract

ABSTRACT: X-ray observations of kiloparsec-scale jets indicate that a synchrotron origin of the sustained non-thermal emission is likely. This requires distributed acceleration of electrons up to near PeV energies along the jet. The underlying acceleration mechanism is still unclear. Shear acceleration is a promising candidate, as velocity-shear stratification is a natural consequence of the collimated flow of a jet. We study the details of shear acceleration by solving the steady-state Fokker–Planck-type equation and provide a simple general solution for trans-relativistic jets for a range of magnetohydrodynamic turbulent power-law spectra. In general, the accelerated particle population is a power-law spectrum with an exponential-like cut-off, where the power-law index is determined by the turbulence spectrum and the balance of escape and acceleration of particles. Adopting a simple linearly decreasing velocity profile in the boundary of large-scale jets, we find that the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of X-ray jets, such as Centaurus A and 3C 273, can be reproduced with electrons that are accelerated up to ∼PeV. In kpc-scale jets, protons may be accelerated up to ∼EeV, supporting the hypothesis that large-scale jets are strong candidates for ultra-high-energy-cosmic ray sources within the framework of shear acceleration.