A case of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) associated disorder (MOGAD) with clinical manifestations of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Secondary to mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Issue 2 (February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Huang, Xiangui; Guo, Rui; Li, Chunhong; Long, Xingjiang; Yang, Tong; Hou, Xianliang; Wei, Xiaohong; Ou, Minglin
• Is Part Of: Heliyon. Volume 9:Issue 2(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02
• Subjects: Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG associated disorders -- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis -- Inflammatory demyelinating disease -- M. pneumoniae infection -- Case report; MOGAD Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G associated disorders -- CNS central nervous system -- MS multiple sclerosis -- NMOSD neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder -- T2WI T2 weighted images; Research -- Periodicals; Medical sciences -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals; Social sciences -- Periodicals; Earth sciences -- Periodicals; Physical sciences -- Periodicals; 507.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13470
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2405-8440

Abstract

Abstract: Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) associated disorder (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorder that has been widely recognized in recent years. It is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), which are separate disease spectrums. Here we report the case of a 5-year-old boy who was admitted for 3 days with fever, headache, and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal hyperintensity in the left thalamus and positive serum IgM for M. pneumoniae . After treatment with azithromycin, the headache gradually disappeared, but paralysis and urinary retention occurred on the 6th day after admission. MRI re-examination showed that the original abnormal signal in the left thalamus was significantly weakened, but new abnormal signals appeared in the brain and cerebrospinal cord, and the serum MOG-IgG was positive. After treatment, the child has fully recovered and is still receiving follow-up care. We believe that this is a case of MOGAD in a child with a biphasic ADEM phenotype secondary to M. pneumoniae infection, which has potential value in elucidating the pathophysiology of MOGAD. Highlights: This is a case of MOGAD in a child with a biphasic ADEM phenotype. The case may be secondary to M. pneumoniae infection. The case has potential value in elucidating the pathophysiology of MOGAD.