Fasting and refeeding triggers specific changes in bile acid profiles and gut microbiota. Issue 2 (22nd January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Yi; Qi, Hongyan; Wang, Long; Hu, Chunyan; Gao, Aibo; Wu, Qihan; Wang, Qiaoling; Lin, Huibin; Chen, Banru; Wang, Xingyu; Wang, Shuangyuan; Lin, Hong; Wang, Weiqing; Bi, Yufang; Wang, Jiqiu; Lu, Jieli; Liu, Ruixin
• Is Part Of: Journal of diabetes. Volume 15:Issue 2(2023)
• Page Start: 165
• Page End: 180
• Publication Date: 2023-01-22
• Subjects: bile acid -- biosynthesis -- fasting -- gut microbiota -- reabsorption -- refeeding; 胆汁酸 -- 肠道菌群 -- 禁食 -- 复食 -- 生物合成 -- 再吸收; Diabetes -- Periodicals; 618.3646005
• DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13356
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1753-0393

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Bile acids (BAs) are closely related to nutrient supply and modified by gut microbiota. Gut microbiota perturbations shape BA composition, which further affects host metabolism. Methods: We investigated BA profiles in plasma, feces, and liver of mice fed ad libitum, fasted for 24 h, fasted for 24 h and then refed for 24 h using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Gut microbiota was measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Expressions of BA biosynthesis‐related genes in the liver and BA reabsorption‐related genes in the ileum were analyzed. Findings: Compared with the controls, unconjugated primary BAs (PBAs) and unconjugated secondary BAs (SBAs) in plasma were decreased whereas conjugated SBAs in plasma, unconjugated PBAs, unconjugated SBAs and conjugated SBAs in feces, and unconjugated SBAs in liver were increased in the fasting mice. The expression of BA biosynthesis‐related genes in the liver and BA reabsorption‐related genes in the ileum were decreased in the fasting mice compared with the controls. Compared with the controls, Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, Muribaculum, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes and Muribaculaceae were increased in the fasting mice whereas Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were decreased. All these changes in BAs and gut microbiota were recovered under refeeding. Akkermansia was negatively correlated with plasma levels of unconjugated PBAs, unconjugated SBAs and glucose, whereas it was positively correlated with plasma conjugated SBAs, fecal unconjugated PBAs, and fecal unconjugated SBAs. Conclusions: We characterized the BA profiles, gut microbiota, and gene expression responsible for BA biosynthesis and intestinal reabsorption to explore their rapid changes in response to food availability. Our study highlighted the rapid effect of nutrient supply on BAs and gut microbiota. Abstract : Highlights For the first time, our study contributed a systematic evaluation of bile acid (BA) profiles in plasma, feces and liver tissue and gut microbiota changes triggered by fasting‐refeeding cycle in mice. Our work clearly demonstrated that overnight fasting leads to significant, but reversible changes in BA profiles and gut microbiota composition. Our results demonstrated that gene expression responsible for BA biosynthesis and intestinal reabsorption were suppressed under fasting status, whereas refeeding ameliorated this effect. Our study emphasized the important and rapid effects of nutrient supply on BA profiles and gut microbiota. 摘要: 背景: 胆汁酸(BAs)与营养供应密切相关, 并受到肠道菌群的影响。肠道菌群改变BAs的组成, 进而影响宿主的代谢。 方法: 采用超高效液相色谱‐串联质谱(UPLC‐MS/MS)检测小鼠自由进食、禁食24 h、禁食24 h后再进食24 h的血浆、粪便和肝脏中的BAs谱。采用16S rRNA基因测序检测肠道菌群, 分析肝脏中BA生物合成相关基因和回肠中BA重吸收相关基因的表达情况。 结果: 与对照组相比, 空腹小鼠血浆中未偶联的初级BAs (PBAs)和未偶联的次级BAs (SBAs)减少, 而血浆中偶联的SBAs、粪便中未偶联的PBAs和SBAs以及肝脏中未偶联的SBAs增加。与对照组相比, 空腹小鼠肝脏中BA生物合成相关基因和回肠中BA再吸收相关基因表达降低。与对照组相比, 空腹小鼠中阿克曼菌属、狄氏副拟杆菌、肠鼠杆菌、产粪甾醇真杆菌和拟杆菌增加, 乳杆菌和双歧杆菌减少。这些改变在复食条件下得以恢复。阿克曼菌属与血浆未偶联PBAs、未偶联SBAs和葡萄糖呈负相关, 与血浆偶联SBAs、粪便未偶联PBAs和粪便未偶联SBAs呈正相关。 结论: 本研究通过分析BA谱、肠道菌群和与BA合成和肠道重吸收相关的基因表达, 探索其在食物供应中的快速变化。我们的研究强调了营养供应对BAs和肠道菌群的快速影响。