Modelling of daily radiofrequency electromagnetic field dose for a prospective adolescent cohort. (February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Eeftens, Marloes; Shen, Chen; Sönksen, Jana; Schmutz, Claudia; van Wel, Luuk; Liorni, Ilaria; Vermeulen, Roel; Cardis, Elisabeth; Wiart, Joe; Toledano, Mireille; Röösli, Martin
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 172(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02
• Subjects: Mobile phones -- Personal exposure -- Radiofrequency electromagnetic Fields -- Smart Phones -- WiFi -- SCAMP -- Dose modelling; ANOVA Analysis of variance -- DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications -- IEM Integrated Exposure Model -- RF-EMF radio-frequency electromagnetic fields -- SAR Specific Absorbtion Rate -- SCAMP Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones -- SES Socio-economic status -- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System -- VoLTE Voice over LTE (Long-Term Evolution); Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107737
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Highlights: First longitudinal study to estimate daily RF-EMF dose of 6152 U.K. adolescents at ages 12 and 14. At baseline (age 12), mean daily whole body RF-EMF dose was 170 mJ/kg/day. Two years later, whole body dose was similar, but brain dose increased (+32% for temporal lobe). The main contributor to the head and brain was own device use, in particular 2G mobile calls. Dose at baseline and follow-up were correlated between 0.25 and 0.36 for various tissues. Abstract: Introduction: Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields originate from a variety of wireless communication sources operating near and far from the body, making it challenging to quantify daily absorbed dose. In the framework of the prospective cohort SCAMP (Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones), we aimed to characterize RF-EMF dose over a 2-year period. Methods: The SCAMP cohort included 6605 children from greater London, UK at baseline (age 12.1 years; 2014–2016) and 5194 at follow-up (age 14.2; 2016–2018). We estimated the daily dose of RF-EMF to eight tissues including the whole body and whole brain, using dosimetric algorithms for the specific absorption rate transfer into the body. We considered RF-EMF dose from 12 common usage scenarios such as mobile phone calls or data transmission. We evaluated the association between sociodemographic factors (gender, ethnicity, phone ownership and socio-economic status), and the dose change between baseline and follow-up. Results: Whole body dose was estimated at an average of 170 mJ/kg/day at baseline and 178 mJ/kg/day at follow-up. Among the eight tissues considered, the right temporal lobe received the highest daily dose (baseline 1150 mJ/kg/day, follow-up 1520 mJ/kg/day). Estimated daily dose [mJ/kg/day] increased between baseline and follow-up for head and brain related tissues, but remained stable for the whole body and heart. Doses estimated at baseline and follow-up showed low correlation among the 3384 children who completed both assessments. Asian ethnicity (compared to white) and owning a bar phone or no phone (as opposed to a smartphone) were associated with lower estimated whole-body and whole-brain RF-EMF dose, while black ethnicity, a moderate/low socio-economic status (compared to high), and increasing age (at baseline) were associated with higher estimated RF-EMF dose. Conclusion: This study describes the first longitudinal exposure assessment for children in a critical period of development. Dose estimations will be used in further epidemiological analyses for the SCAMP study.