Food Fingerprinting: Using a Two-Tiered approach to Monitor and Mitigate Food Fraud in Rice. (19th August 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: McGrath, Terence F; Shannon, Maeve; Chevallier, Olivier P; Ch, Ratnasekhar; Xu, Fei; Kong, Fanzhou; Peng, Hong; Teye, Ernest; Akaba, Selorm; Wu, Di; Wu, Libiao; Cai, Qiang; Le Nguyen, Doan Duy; Le, Van Viet Man; Pandor, Sufyan; Kapil, Arun P; Zhang, Guangtao; McBride, Mary; Elliott, Christopher T
• Is Part Of: Journal of AOAC International. Volume 104:Number 1(2021)
• Page Start: 16
• Page End: 28
• Publication Date: 2020-08-19
• Subjects: Agricultural chemistry -- Periodicals; Food -- Analysis -- Periodicals; 543
• DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa109
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1060-3271

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Rice is an important staple food that is consumed around the world. Like many foods, the price of rice varies considerably, from very inexpensive for a low-quality product to premium pricing for highly prized varieties from specific locations. Therefore, like other foods it is vulnerable to economically motivated adulteration through substitution or misrepresentation of inferior-quality rice for more expensive varieties. Objective: In this article we describe results of a research project focused on addressing potential food fraud issues related to rice supplies in China, India, Vietnam, and Ghana. Rice fraud manifests differently in each country; therefore, tailored solutions were required. Method: Here we describe a two-tiered testing regime of rapid screening using portable Near Infrared technology supported by second tier testing using mass spectrometry-based analysis of suspicious samples. Results: Portable Near Infrared spectroscopy models and laboratory-based Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods were developed to differentiate between: high-value Basmati rice varieties and their potential adulterants; six Geographic Indicated protected rice varieties from specific regions within China; various qualities of rice in Ghana and Vietnam; and locally produced and imported rice in Ghana. Furthermore, an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry method was developed to support the Chinese rice varieties methods as well as a Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry method for quality differentiation in Vietnam. Conclusions/Highlights: This two-tier approach can provide a substantially increased level of testing through rapid screening outside of the laboratory with the reassurance of corroborating mass spectrometry-based laboratory analysis to support decision making.