Delayed heart rate recovery after exercise predicts development of metabolic syndrome: A retrospective cohort study. Issue 1 (24th August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yu, Tae Yang; Hong, Won‐Jung; Jin, Sang‐Man; Hur, Kyu Yeon; Jee, Jae Hwan; Bae, Ji Cheol; Kim, Jae Hyeon; Lee, Moon‐Kyu
• Is Part Of: Journal of diabetes investigation. Volume 13:Issue 1(2022)
• Page Start: 167
• Page End: 176
• Publication Date: 2021-08-24
• Subjects: Heart rate recovery -- Incident metabolic syndrome -- Longitudinal cohort study; Diabetes -- Periodicals; Diabetes -- Research -- Periodicals; Diabetes Mellitus -- Periodicals; 616.462005
• DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13637
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2040-1116

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Aims/Introduction: Several cross‐sectional studies have shown that delayed heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there has been a lack of comprehensively designed longitudinal studies. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the longitudinal association of delayed HRR following a graded exercise treadmill test (GTX) with incident MetS. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of participants without MetS, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. The HRR was calculated as the peak heart rate minus the resting heart rate after a 1 min rest (HRR1), a 2 min rest (HRR2), and a 3 min rest (HRR3). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to investigate the association between HRR and development of MetS. Results: There were 676 (31.2%) incident cases of MetS identified during the follow‐up period (9, 683 person‐years). The only statistically significant relationship was between HRR3 and the development of MetS. The hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of incident MetS comparing the first and second tertiles to the third tertile of HRR3 were 1.492 (1.146–1.943) and 1.277 (1.004–1.624) with P = 0.003 after adjustment for multiple risk factors. As a continuous variable, the HR (95% CI) of incident MetS associated with each one‐beat decrease in HRR3 was 1.015 (1.005–1.026) with P = 0.004 after full adjustments. An HRR3 value ≤45 beats per minute (bpm) was associated with a higher risk of incident MetS compared with values >45 bpm, with an HR (95% CI) of 1.304 (1.061–1.602) and P = 0.001. Conclusions: The slow phase of HRR, particularly HRR3, might be more sensitive at predicting the risk of MetS. Abstract : Delayed HRR3 after exercise could predict incident MetS in a general population, even after adjusting for fasting plasma glucose, HOMA‐IR, and HbA1c. And a HRR3 value of 45 beats per minute (bpm) or below was associated with a significantly higher risk of incident MetS compared with values over 45 bpm.