Chardonnay Grape Marc Powder Supplementation May Increase Insulin Sensitivity in Obese and Overweight Men and Women. (7th June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, Fanny; Woodhouse, Leslie; Arvik, Torey; Keim, Nancy
• Is Part Of: Current developments in nutrition. Volume 5(2021)Supplement 2
• Page Start: 343
• Page End: 343
• Publication Date: 2021-06-07
• Subjects: Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutrition; Periodicals; Periodicals; Fulltext; Internet Resources; Periodicals; 612.3
• DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab037_053
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2475-2991

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: Chardonnay grape marc (CM) is the remaining skins and seeds from winemaking that offers a rich source of phytonutrients. The objective was to evaluate glucose metabolism following the addition of CM to the diet. Methods: Overweight or obese men and women with mild hyperlipidemia between 35–65 y were recruited for this double-blinded 16-week crossover study. Subjects consumed 1500mg of 1) microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), 2) high chardonnay seed extract/WellVine™ marc blend (HE) or 3) high WellVine™ chardonnay marc/seed extract blend (HM) in a randomized order. Each intervention arm lasted 3 weeks and included two 3-week washout periods. Following each intervention, fasting blood was drawn and assayed for glucose and insulin. Indexes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, McAuley) and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) were calculated. Data were transformed before conducting analyses, when appropriate. Analyses were conducted with 24 completed subjects and intention to treat (ITT) with 3 subjects who withdrew using linear mixed model ANOVA. Results: In the ITT analysis, fasting glucose and insulin showed a significant main effect of intervention ( P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). For both glucose and insulin, pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between HM and MCC ( P = 0.03 and P = 0.03, respectively). The indexes, HOMA-IR and QUICKI showed a significant main effect of intervention ( P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively), whereas there was no effect with the McAuley index. For HOMA-IR and QUICKI, pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between HM and MCC ( P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: There was an increase in QUICKI, indicating an increase in insulin sensitivity following the HM arm compared to MCC. This has important implications if it is followed up in a larger cohort. Following the HM arm there was also a decrease in fasting insulin and decrease in HOMA-IR compared to the MCC arm; in this case, the magnitude of these changes are not sufficient to suggest improvement in insulin resistance by clinical definitions. This was a proof of concept study, thus future studies should further explore these findings. Funding Sources: NIFA Phase II Small Business Innovation Research Grant awarded to Sonomaceuticals, LLC, USDA CRIS 2032–51, 530-025–00D.