Alzheimer's disease: A potential diabetes type 3. (31st December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: González, Andrea; Camila, Calfio; Maccioni, Ricardo Benjamin
• Is Part Of: Alzheimer's & dementia. Volume 17(2021)Supplement 2
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-12-31
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease -- Periodicals; Alzheimer Disease -- Periodicals; Dementia -- Periodicals; Démence; Maladie d'Alzheimer; Périodique électronique (Descripteur de forme); Ressource Internet (Descripteur de forme); 616.83
• DOI: 10.1002/alz.058533
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1552-5260

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Neuronal death and synaptic dysfunctions are considered the main hallmarks of this disease. The latter could be directly associated to an impaired metabolism. In particular, glucose metabolism dysregulation has demonstrated to be a key regulatory element in the onset and progression of AD, which is why nowadays AD is considered the type 3 diabetes. Methods: Within this revised topic, we provide an analysis regarding the influence of glucose metabolism in AD from three different perspectives: i) As a regulator of the energy source, ii) through several metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance, that modify peripheral signaling pathways that influence the activation of the immune system (e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, etc.) and iii) as modulators of various key post‐translational modifications for protein aggregation. Results: During our research, it was demonstrated the relationship between glucose metabolism dysregulation and the onset and Alzheimer's disease: The latter is mediated by several metabolic alterations. Among those, included in our research, are metabolic dysregulation events (e.g insulin resistance), which in turn alters the proper ATP generation, and finally, post‐translational modifications, e.g., glycosylation and phosphorylation that mediates protein aggregation (i.e tau hyperphosphorylation that leads to misfolding and pathological self‐assembly). Conclusions: Alzheimer's disease onset and development is related to a glucose metabolism impairment that affects energy source (ATP) regulation, several metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance, and mediator of post‐translational modifications in key proteins (i.e tau) that promotes its self‐assembly and aggregation. Thus, considering all the above mentioned, is it seems plausible to consider Alzheimer as the diabetes type 3.