A pilot study of microbial signatures of liver disease in those with HIV mono-infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (1st January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yanavich, Carolyn; Perazzo, Hugo; Li, Fan; Tobin, Nicole; Lee, David; Zabih, Sara; Morata, Michelle; Almeida, Cristiane; Veloso, Valdilea G.; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Aldrovandi, Grace M.
• Is Part Of: AIDS. Volume 36:Number 1(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-01-01
• Subjects: 16S sequencing -- fatty liver -- HIV infection -- liver disease -- microbiome -- shotgun sequencing; AIDS (Disease) -- Periodicals; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; AIDS (Disease); Periodicals; Periodicals; 616.9792005
• DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003084
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-9370

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: The rectal microbiome was examined to assess the relationship between the microbiome and liver disease in HIV-infection. Design: Eighty-two HIV-1 mono-infected individuals from the PROSPEC-HIV-study (NCT02542020) were grouped into three liver health categories based on results of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of transient elastography: normal ( n = 30), steatosis ( n = 30), or fibrosis ( n = 22). Methods: Liver steatosis and fibrosis were defined by CAP at least 248 dB/m and LSM at least 8.0 kPa, respectively. 16S rRNA gene and whole genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on rectal swabs. Bacterial differences were assessed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and random forests modeling; taxonomic drivers of functional shifts were identified using FishTaco. Results: Liver health status explained four percentage of the overall variation ( r 2 = 0.04, P = 0.003) in bacterial composition. Participants with steatosis had depletions of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides dorei and enrichment of Prevotella copri, Finegoldia magna, and Ruminococcus bromii . Participants with fibrosis had depletions of Bacteroides stercoris and Parabacteroides distasonis and enrichment of Sneathia sanguinegens . In steatosis, functional analysis revealed increases in primary and secondary bile acid synthesis encoded by increased Eubacterium rectale, F. magna, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and decreased A. muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis and B. dorei . Decreased folate biosynthesis was driven by similar changes in microbial composition. Conclusion: HIV mono-infection with steatosis or fibrosis had distinct microbial profiles. Some taxa are similar to those associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-negative populations. Further studies are needed to define the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV-infected persons.