Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States. Issue 5 (14th March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bird, Claire M.; Webb, E. Kate; Schramm, Andrew T.; Torres, Lucas; Larson, Christine; deRoon‐Cassini, Terri A.
• Other Names: Allwood Maureen A. guestEditor.; Ford Julian D. guestEditor.; Levendosky Alytia guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Journal of traumatic stress. Volume 34:Issue 5(2021)
• Page Start: 995
• Page End: 1004
• Publication Date: 2021-03-14
• Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Periodicals; 616.8521
• DOI: 10.1002/jts.22670
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0894-9867

Abstract

Abstract: In the United States, Black residents exposed to a traumatic event are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing more severe symptoms compared to their non‐Hispanic White counterparts. Although previous work has suggested a link between racial discrimination and PTSD symptoms, no studies have assessed this association in a sample of traumatic injury survivors. The current study investigated whether (a) past racial discrimination was associated with acute posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and (b) discrimination prospectively contributed to the prediction of future PTSD symptoms. African American and/or Black patients ( N = 113) were recruited from an emergency department in southeastern Wisconsin. Patients in the acute postinjury phase (i.e., 2 weeks posttrauma) completed self‐report measures, with PTSD symptoms assessed using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale at 6‐month follow‐up. Bivariate associations indicated past racial discrimination was significantly related to acute PTSS. A multiple regression analysis revealed that pretrauma exposure to racial discrimination significantly predicted PTSD symptoms at follow‐up, even after controlling for age, gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, social support, and lifetime trauma history. Our results suggest that experiences of racial discrimination add significant additional risk for PTSD symptom development following traumatic injury, R 2 = .16, F (6, 106) = 3.25, p = .006. Broadly, these findings add to the body of empirical evidence and personal testimonies of Black individuals in White‐centric societies asserting that racial discrimination affects mental health and overall well‐being and further highlight the recent call for racism to be classified as a public health crisis. 抽象: Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Traditional Chinese 種族歧視與急性創傷後壓力症狀有關 並預測暴露於創傷的美國黑人成人未來的創傷後壓力症狀嚴重程度 摘要 在美國, 與非西班牙裔的白人居民相比, 暴露於創傷性事件的黑人居民患創傷後壓力(PTSD)的風險增加, 並出現更嚴重的症狀。雖然先前的研究表明種族歧視及創傷後壓力症狀之間存在聯繫, 但沒有研究在創傷倖存者的樣本中評估這種聯繫。目前的研究調查了(a)過去的種族歧視是否與急性創傷後壓力症狀(PTSS)及 歧視有助於預測未來的創傷後壓力症狀。非裔美國人及/或黑人 臨床治療者(N = 113)是從威斯康星州東南部的一個急診科招募來的。處於傷後急性期(即創傷後2週)的 臨床治療者完成了自我報告測量, 在6個月的隨訪中使用臨床醫生管理的創傷後壓力量表評估創傷後壓力症狀。雙變量關聯表明, 過去的種族歧視與急性PTSS顯著相關。多重回歸分析顯示, 即使在控制了年齡、性別、以前的精神病診斷、社會支持及一生的創傷史後, 創傷前暴露於種族歧視也能顯著預測後續的創傷後壓力症狀。我們的結果表明, 種族歧視的經歷為創傷後的PTSD症狀發展增加了明顯的額外風險, R2=0.16, F(6, 106) = 3.25, p = 0.006。總的來說, 這些發現增加了以白人為中心的社會中黑人個人的經驗證據及個人證詞, 肯定種族歧視會影響心理健康及整體福祉, 並進一步強調最近呼籲將種族主義列為公共健康危機。 Simplified Chinese 种族歧视与急性创伤后压力症状有关 并预测暴露于创伤的美国黑人成人未来的创伤后压力症状严重程度 摘要 在美国, 与非西班牙裔的白人居民相比, 暴露于创伤性事件的黑人居民患创伤后压力(PTSD)的风险增加, 并出现更严重的症状。虽然先前的研究表明种族歧视及创伤后压力症状之间存在联系, 但没有研究在创伤幸存者的样本中评估这种联系。目前的研究调查了(a)过去的种族歧视是否与急性创伤后压力症状(PTSS)及 歧视有助于预测未来的创伤后压力症状。非裔美国人及/或黑人 临床治疗者(N = 113)是从威斯康星州东南部的一个急诊科招募来的。处于伤后急性期(即创伤后2周)的 临床治疗者完成了自我报告测量, 在6个月的随访中使用临床医生管理的创伤后压力量表评估创伤后压力症状。双变量关联表明, 过去的种族歧视与急性PTSS显著相关。多重回归分析显示, 即使在控制了年龄、性别、以前的精神病诊断、社会支持及一生的创伤史后, 创伤前暴露于种族歧视也能显著预测后续的创伤后压力症状。我们的结果表明, 种族歧视的经历为创伤后的PTSD症状发展增加了明显的额外风险, R2=0.16, F(6, 106) = 3.25, p = 0.006。总的来说, 这些发现增加了以白人为中心的社会中黑人个人的经验证据及个人证词, 肯定种族歧视会影响心理健康及整体福祉, 并进一步强调最近呼吁将种族主义列为公共健康危机。