Making illegality visible: The governance dilemmas created by visualising illegal palm oil plantations in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Astuti, Rini; Miller, Michelle Ann; McGregor, Andrew; Sukmara, M. Dedy Pratama; Saputra, Wiko; Sulistyanto, ; Taylor, David
• Is Part Of: Land use policy. Volume 114(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: One Map Policy -- Illegal plantations -- Palm oil sector -- Indonesia -- Omnibus Law -- Forest governance; Land use -- Periodicals; Land use -- Government policy -- Periodicals; Sol, Utilisation du -- Périodiques; Sol, Utilisation du -- Politique gouvernementale -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 333.7305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105942
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-8377

Abstract

Abstract: This study focuses on how Indonesia's One Map Policy renders illegal palm oil plantations in Indonesia visible and the governance dilemmas this creates. Using Central Kalimantan as a case study, we first draw on spatial data to visualise the extent of illegal palm oil plantations on forest land. The vast majority of illegal palm oil is large plantations, with illegal independent smallholdings constituting just 0.4%. We then draw on key stakeholder interviews to analyse the governance dilemmas such visualisations create. We explore stakeholder perspectives of the new Omnibus Law and other attempts to legalise illegality. Four governance scenarios that emphasise the interests of either business, smallholders, environments, or adopt a multi-stakeholder perspective are developed and measured according to their different social and ecological land use implications. In the interests of promoting sustainable and effective governance for forests, peatlands and palm oil production, we caution against the pro-business option currently favoured by the Indonesian government that aims to legalise illegal plantations and which risks the reassignment of forests for commercial production. Our article outlines alternative policy solutions, including an approach that seeks to balance business and environmental interests while also paying heed to sustainable development needs. This approach could be applied in other contexts similarly struggling with the governance dilemmas about what to do when widespread land use illegalities are made visible. Highlights: We show how implementation of the One Map Policy renders visible illegal oil palm plantations in Indonesia's state forests. In Central Kalimantan, over 70% of illegal plantations in state forests are in the form of large plantations. The extent of illegal oil palm smallholdings is lower than previously estimated. Spatial data analysis provides important governance opportunities to address illegal oil palm plantations.