Ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical performance in the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts and mandibular abnormalities. Issue 2 (13th February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tonni, Gabriele; Peixoto, Alberto Borges; Werner, Heron; Grisolia, Gianpaolo; Ruano, Rodrigo; Sepulveda, Francisco; Sepulveda, Waldo; Araujo Júnior, Edward
• Other Names: Rizzo Giuseppe guestEditor.; Tonni Gabriele guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Journal of clinical ultrasound. Volume 51:Issue 2(2023)
• Page Start: 346
• Page End: 361
• Publication Date: 2023-02-13
• Subjects: fetal face -- magnetic resonance imaging -- orofacial malformations -- prenatal diagnosis -- ultrasound; Ultrasonics in medicine -- Periodicals; 616.07543
• DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23403
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0091-2751

Abstract

Abstract: Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly and the second most common birth defect worldwide. Micrognathia is a rare facial malformation characterized by small, underdeveloped mandible and frequently associated with retrognathia. Second‐ and third‐trimester prenatal ultrasound is the standard modality for screening and identification of fetal orofacial abnormalities, with a detection rate in the low‐risk population ranging from 0% to 73% for all types of cleft. The prenatal ultrasonography detection can also be performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Given the potential limitations of obstetric ultrasound for examining the fetal face, such as suboptimal fetal position, shadowing from the surrounding bones, reduce amniotic fluid around the face, interposition of fetal limbs, umbilical cord and placenta, and maternal habitus/abdominal scars, the use of adjunct imaging modalities can enhance prenatal diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies in at‐risk pregnancies. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potentially useful second‐line investigation for the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial malformations with a pooled sensitivity of 97%. In this review, we discuss the role of ultrasound and fetal MRI in the prenatal assessment of abnormalities of the upper lip, palate, and mandible. Abstract : Protocol for the fetal face examination during the second‐ and third‐trimester scans