DNA sensor cGAS-mediated immune recognition. Issue 11 (30th September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xia, Pengyan; Wang, Shuo; Gao, Pu; Gao, Guangxia; Fan, Zusen
• Is Part Of: Protein & cell. Volume 7:Issue 11(2016)
• Page Start: 777
• Page End: 791
• Publication Date: 2016-09-30
• Subjects: cGAS -- cGAMP -- innate immunity -- cytosolic DNAs -- DNA sensors; Proteins -- Periodicals; Cells -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; 572.6
• DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0320-3
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1674-800X

Abstract

Abstract: The host takes use of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to defend against pathogen invasion or cellular damage. Among microorganism-associated molecular patterns detected by host PRRs, nucleic acids derived from bacteria or viruses are tightly supervised, providing a fundamental mechanism of host defense. Pathogenic DNAs are supposed to be detected by DNA sensors that induce the activation of NFκB or TBK1-IRF3 pathway. DNA sensor cGAS is widely expressed in innate immune cells and is a key sensor of invading DNAs in several cell types. cGAS binds to DNA, followed by a conformational change that allows the synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) from adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate. cGAMP is a strong activator of STING that can activate IRF3 and subsequent type I interferon production. Here we describe recent progresses in DNA sensors especially cGAS in the innate immune responses against pathogenic DNAs.