Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant: A Prospective, Observational Study. (3rd August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Malahe, S Reshwan K; Hoek, Rogier A S; Dalm, Virgil A S H; Broers, Annoek E C; den Hoed, Caroline M; Manintveld, Olivier C; Baan, Carla C; van Deuzen, Charlotte M; Papageorgiou, Grigorios; Bax, Hannelore I; Van Kampen, Jeroen J; Hellemons, Merel E; Kho, Marcia M L; de Vries, Rory D; Molenkamp, Richard; Reinders, Marlies E J; Rijnders, Bart J A
• Is Part Of: Clinical infectious diseases. Volume 76:Number 3(2023)
• Page Start: e172
• Page End: e178
• Publication Date: 2022-08-03
• Subjects: Omicron -- COVID-19 -- immunocompromised patients -- outcome -- therapy; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; 616.905
• DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac571
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1058-4838

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Illness after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is less severe compared with previous variants. Data on the disease burden in immunocompromised patients are lacking. We investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Omicron. Methods: Organ transplant recipients, patients on anti-CD20 therapy, and allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients infected with the Omicron variant were included. Characteristics of consenting patients were collected and patients were contacted regularly until symptom resolution. To identify possible risk factors for hospitalization, a univariate logistic analysis was performed. Results: 114 consecutive immunocompromised patients were enrolled. Eighty-nine percent had previously received 3 mRNA vaccinations. While only 1 patient died, 23 (20%) were hospitalized for a median of 11 days. A low SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response (<300 BAU [binding antibody units]/mL) at diagnosis, being older, being a lung transplant recipient, having more comorbidities, and having a higher frailty score were associated with hospital admission (all P < .01). At the end of follow-up, 25% had still not fully recovered. Of the 23 hospitalized patients, 70% had a negative and 92% had a low IgG (<300 BAU/mL) antibody response at admission. Sotrovimab was administered to 17 of these patients, and 1 died. Conclusions: While the mortality in immunocompromised patients infected with Omicron was low, hospital admission was frequent and the duration of symptoms often prolonged. In addition to vaccination, other interventions are needed to limit the morbidity from COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients. Abstract : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients is unknown for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant. This prospective registry demonstrated low COVID-19–associated mortality in these vulnerable patients. However, morbidity remained substantial. Additional interventions to abate COVID-19 severity are needed.