Enhanced conversion of dairy waste oil to biodiesel via novel and highly reactive UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst: Optimization, kinetic, thermodynamic and diesel engine studies. (1st May 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Maleki, Basir; Esmaeili, Hossein; Mansouri, Mohsen; Kumar, Dipesh; Singh, Bhaskar
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 339(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-05-01
• Subjects: ANOVA Analysis of variance -- ASTM American society for testing and materials -- B0 Neat diesel -- B25 25% biodiesel+75% diesel -- B50 50% biodiesel+50% diesel -- B75 75% biodiesel+25% diesel -- B100 Neat biodiesel -- BET Brunauer Emmett Teller -- BJH Barrett Joyner Halenda -- CCD Central composite design -- Cl Compression ignition -- CO Carbon monoxide -- CO2 Carbon dioxide -- CO2-TPD CO2 -Temperature programmed desorption -- C.V.% Coefficient of variation -- DWSO Dairy waste scum oil -- EBP Engine brake power -- EDX Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy -- FFA Free fatty acid -- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared -- GC–MS Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy -- MOFs Metal-organic frameworks -- PRESS Predicted sum of squares of residual error -- RSM Response surface methodology -- SEM Scanning electron microscopy -- SFC Specific fuel consumption -- TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy -- U UiO-66-NH2 -- UHC Unburned hydrocarbons -- UT UiO-66-NH2/TiO2 -- UZT UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 -- XRD X-ray Diffraction; Biodiesel -- UiO-66-NH2/ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst -- Dairy waste scum oil (DWSO) -- Optimization -- Kinetic -- Diesel engine; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126901
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: High catalytic performance of UiO-66-NH2 /TiO2 /ZnO in transesterification of DWSO. RSM based on CCD was employed to optimize reaction operating variables. At optimal conditions, the biodiesel conversion was achieved at 98.7%. UiO-66-NH2 /TiO2 /ZnO nanocatalyst displayed exceptional reusability. WDSO-derived biodiesel improved the CI engine parameters specifically in B10. Abstract: This study focuses on developing a novel UiO-66-NH2 /ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst for efficient biodiesel generation from dairy waste scum oil (DWSO). UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-NH2 /TiO2, and UiO-66-NH2 /ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalysts were prepared via the sol–gel approach and their structural features were analyzed by XRD, FT-IR, BET, ED/Map, SEM, TEM, and CO2 -TPD approaches. The UiO-66-NH2 /ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst demonstrated a mesoporous surface with a specific surface area and an average particle size of 568.1 m 2 /g and 28.35 nm, respectively. The central composite design (CCD) was also utilized to optimize crucial variables. Biodiesel conversion of 98.7 % was achieved under the optimized process circumstances such as the methanol to DWSO ratio of 9.8:1, reaction temperature of 61 °C, and nano-catalyst concentration of 2 wt%. As a novelty, biodiesel conversion is the highest methyl ester achieved from DWSO so far. The survey of the reaction kinetics employing UiO-66-NH2 /ZnO/TiO2 indicated that the rate constant, activation energy and Arrhenius factor are 0.1325 min −1, 48.73 kJ mol −1, and 39.6 × 10 5 min −1, respectively. Besides, the thermodynamic scrutiny implicates that the process is nonspontaneous (ΔG = 88.94 kJ/mol at 338 K) and endothermic (ΔH = 46.01 kJ/mol). Moreover, the impact of adding DWSO-derived biodiesel to diesel on the diesel engine parameters and viscosity alterations was scrutinized. Fuel rheological behaviour appraisal exhibited that biodiesel follows the Newtonian model. The stability of the UiO-66-NH2 /ZnO/TiO2 nano-catalyst was assessed in transesterification successive processes. The nano-catalyst could be reused multiple times, and a conversion of 90.14 % was obtained during the 7th consecutive run. It can be concluded that UiO-66-NH2 /ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticles can be employed as a highly retrievable nano-catalyst for efficient transesterification of DWSO.