Changes in growth and developmental timing in Manduca sexta when exposed to altered oxygen levels. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wilmsen, Sara M.; Dzialowski, Edward M.
• Is Part Of: Arthropod structure & development. Volume 72(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: Growth -- Development -- Manduca sexta -- Oxygen stress; Arthropoda -- Morphology -- Periodicals; Arthropoda -- Anatomy -- Periodicals; Arthropoda -- Cytology -- Periodicals; Arthropods -- growth & development -- Periodicals; 595
• DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101231
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1467-8039

Abstract

Abstract: The effect of chronic oxygen exposure on growth and development of insects is an active field of research. It seeks to unravel the triggers and limitations to molting and growth across many insect groups, although even now there are gaps in our knowledge and inconsistencies that need to be addressed. The oxygen dependent induction of molting (ODIM) hypothesis states that the impetus for molting is triggered by the development of hypoxic tissue due to the rapid increase in mass coupled with the fixed nature of tracheal systems between molts . In this study, we raised Manduca sexta in three chronic oxygen treatments (10, 21, & 30% O2 ). We measured the mass of these insects throughout their larval development and as adults. We found that both hyperoxia and hypoxia had marked effects on size and developmental times. Hyperoxia exposure resulted in increased mass throughout development and into adulthood while increasing developmental times. Hypoxia also increased developmental time and decreased mass of adult moths. We show that pupation is a critical window for exposure to altered oxygen levels. This suggests that oxygen may play a role in affecting the timing of eclosion at the end of pupation. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Altered oxygen level exposure throughout development effects growth and timing in Manduca sexta . Exposure to hyperoxia results in larger adult and larval masses along with longer pupation lengths. Exposure to hypoxia results in smaller adult masses and longer pupation times, but did not affect larval masses. Pupation timing is significantly impacted by exposure to altered oxygen levels throughout development.