Physical processes in a coupled bay–estuary coastal system: Whitsand Bay and Plymouth Sound. (September 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Uncles, R.J.; Stephens, J.A.; Harris, C.
• Is Part Of: Progress in oceanography. Volume 137:Part B(2015:Sep.)
• Page Start: 360
• Page End: 384
• Publication Date: 2015-09
• Subjects: Oceanography -- Periodicals; 551.4605
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.019
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0079-6611

Abstract

Highlights: 2D and 3D models and data are used to explore tidal- and wind-driven currents. A transport path, incorporating a headland eddy, conveys waters from Sound to Bay. Summer thermal stratification is largely determined by offshore stratification. Large waves in the Bay and Sound drive a substantial bed-load sediment transport. Turbidity is relatively low but increases rapidly with increasing wave height. Abstract: Whitsand Bay and Plymouth Sound are located in the southwest of England. The Bay and Sound are separated by the ∼2–3 km-wide Rame Peninsula and connected by ∼10–20 m-deep English Channel waters. Results are presented from measurements of waves and currents, drogue tracking, surveys of salinity, temperature and turbidity during stratified and unstratified conditions, and bed sediment surveys. 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models are used to explore the generation of tidally- and wind-driven residual currents, flow separation and the formation of the Rame eddy, and the coupling between the Bay and the Sound. Tidal currents flow around the Rame Peninsula from the Sound to the Bay between approximately 3 h before to 2 h after low water and form a transport path between them that conveys lower salinity, higher turbidity waters from the Sound to the Bay. These waters are then transported into the Bay as part of the Bay-mouth limb of the Rame eddy and subsequently conveyed to the near-shore, east-going limb and re-circulated back towards Rame Head. The Simpson–Hunter stratification parameter indicates that much of the Sound and Bay are likely to stratify thermally during summer months. Temperature stratification in both is pronounced during summer and is largely determined by coastal, deeper-water stratification offshore. Small tidal stresses in the Bay are unable to move bed sediment of the observed sizes. However, the Bay and Sound are subjected to large waves that are capable of driving a substantial bed-load sediment transport. Measurements show relatively low levels of turbidity, but these respond rapidly to, and have a strong correlation with, wave height.