RIG-I: a multifunctional protein beyond a pattern recognition receptor. Issue 3 (8th June 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xu, Xiao-xiao; Wan, Han; Nie, Li; Shao, Tong; Xiang, Li-xin; Shao, Jian-zhong
• Is Part Of: Protein & cell. Volume 9:Issue 3(2018)
• Page Start: 246
• Page End: 253
• Publication Date: 2017-06-08
• Subjects: RIG-I -- viral RNA -- endogenous RNA -- immunity -- cancer; Proteins -- Periodicals; Cells -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; 572.6
• DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0431-5
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1674-800X

Abstract

Abstract: It was widely known that retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates innate antiviral immunity by detecting exogenous viral RNAs. However, recent studies showed that RIG-I participates in other various cellular activities by sensing endogenous RNAs under different circumstances. For example, RIG-I facilitates the therapy resistance and expansion of breast cancer cells and promotes T cell-independent B cell activation through interferon signaling activation by recognizing non-coding RNAs and endogenous retroviruses in certain situations. While in hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor through either augmenting STAT1 activation by competitively binding STAT1 against its negative regulator SHP1 or inhibiting AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by directly interacting with Src respectively. These new findings suggest that RIG-I plays more diverse roles in various cellular life activities, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, than previously known. Taken together, the function of RIG-I exceeds far beyond that of a pattern recognition receptor.