Increased nutrient availability speeds up permafrost development, while goose grazing slows it down in a Canadian High Arctic wetland. (29th November 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Increased nutrient availability speeds up permafrost development, while goose grazing slows it down in a Canadian High Arctic wetland. (29th November 2022)
- Main Title:
- Increased nutrient availability speeds up permafrost development, while goose grazing slows it down in a Canadian High Arctic wetland
- Authors:
- Deschamps, Lucas
Maire, Vincent
Chen, Lin
Fortier, Daniel
Gauthier, Gilles
Morneault, Amélie
Hardy‐Lachance, Elisabeth
Dalcher‐Gosselin, Isabelle
Tanguay, François
Gignac, Charles
McKenzie, Jeffrey M.
Rochefort, Line
Lévesque, Esther - Abstract:
- Abstract: It is of prime importance to understand feedbacks due to the release of carbon (C) stored in permafrost soils (permafrost‐climate feedback) and direct impacts of climatic variations on permafrost dynamics therefore received considerable attention. However, indirect effects of global change, such as the variation in soil nutrient availability and grazing pressure, can alter soil and surface properties of the Arctic tundra, with the potential to modify soil heat transfers toward the permafrost and impact resilience of Arctic ecosystems. We determined the potential of nutrient availability and grazing to alter soil energy balance using a 16‐year split‐plot experiment crossing fertilization at different doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with protection from goose grazing. Moss biomass and some determinants of the surface energy budget (leaf area index (LAI), dead vascular plant biomass and albedo) were quantified and active layer thaw depth repeatedly measured during three growing seasons. We measured soil physical properties and thermal conductivity and used a physical model to link topsoil organic accumulation processes to heat transfer. Fertilization increased LAI and albedo, whereas grazing decreased dead vascular plant biomass and albedo. Fertilization increased organic accumulation at the top of the soil leading to drier and more porous topsoil, whereas grazing increased water content of topsoil. As a result, topsoil thermal conductivity was higher inAbstract: It is of prime importance to understand feedbacks due to the release of carbon (C) stored in permafrost soils (permafrost‐climate feedback) and direct impacts of climatic variations on permafrost dynamics therefore received considerable attention. However, indirect effects of global change, such as the variation in soil nutrient availability and grazing pressure, can alter soil and surface properties of the Arctic tundra, with the potential to modify soil heat transfers toward the permafrost and impact resilience of Arctic ecosystems. We determined the potential of nutrient availability and grazing to alter soil energy balance using a 16‐year split‐plot experiment crossing fertilization at different doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with protection from goose grazing. Moss biomass and some determinants of the surface energy budget (leaf area index (LAI), dead vascular plant biomass and albedo) were quantified and active layer thaw depth repeatedly measured during three growing seasons. We measured soil physical properties and thermal conductivity and used a physical model to link topsoil organic accumulation processes to heat transfer. Fertilization increased LAI and albedo, whereas grazing decreased dead vascular plant biomass and albedo. Fertilization increased organic accumulation at the top of the soil leading to drier and more porous topsoil, whereas grazing increased water content of topsoil. As a result, topsoil thermal conductivity was higher in grazed plots than in ungrazed ones. Including these properties into a simulation model, we showed that, after 16 years, nutrient addition tended to shallow the active layer whereas grazing deepened mean July active layer by 3.3 cm relative to ungrazed subplots. As a result of OM accumulation at the surface, fertilization increased permafrost vertical aggradation rate by almost an order of magnitude (up to 5 mm year −1 instead of 0.7 mm year −1 ), whereas grazing slowed down permafrost aggradation by reducing surface uprising and deepening thaw depth. Synthesis . We demonstrated that long‐term grazing and N and P addition, through their impact on vegetation and soil properties have the potential to impact permafrost dynamics to the same extent as contemporary temperature increase in High Arctic polygonal wetlands. Abstract : We demonstrated that long‐term grazing and N and P addition, through their impact on vegetation and soil properties have the potential to impact permafrost dynamics to the same extent as contemporary temperature increase in High Arctic polygonal wetlands. Résumé: Afin de comprendre les rétroactions causées par la respiration du carbone (C) stocké dans le pergélisol (rétroaction pergélisol‐climat), les impacts directs du changement climatique sur la dynamique du pergélisol ont reçu une attention considérable. Toutefois, les effets indirects du changement climatique, telles que la disponibilité en nutriments du sol et la pression de broutement, peuvent altérer les propriétés du sol et de surface de la toundra Arctique, avec le potentiel de modifier les transferts de chaleur vers le pergélisol et d'impacter la résilience des écosystèmes Arctiques. Nous avons déterminé l'effet potentiel d'une disponibilité accrue en nutriment et du broutement sur la balance énergétique du sol grâce à une expérimentation en tiroir croisant différents niveaux de fertilization en azote (N) et phosphore (P) à une protection contre le broutement durant 16 ans. La biomasse des plantes vasculaires et des mousses, ainsi que plusieurs déterminants du budget radiatif de surface ont été quantifiés (indice de surface foliaire (LAI), biomasse de plantes vasculaires mortes et albédo). La profondeur de la couche active a été mesurée à répétition durant trois saisons de croissance. Les propriétés physiques du sol et sa conductivité thermique ont été mesurées, et nous avons utilisé un modèle physique de simulation pour lier l'accumulation de matière organique en surface aux transferts de chaleur dans le sol. L'indice de surface foliaire et l'albédo ont augmenté dans les traitements de fertilization, alors que le broutement a diminué la biomasse de plantes vasculaires mortes et l'albédo. La fertilization a causé l'ajout de nouveaux horizons organiques peu décomposés sous la surface du sol, menant à des conditions plus sèches et à un sol plus poreux. À l'inverse, le broutement a augmenté la teneur en eau du sol. En conséquence, la conductivité thermique du sol était plus élevée dans les sous‐parcelles broutées que dans celles non‐broutées. En incluant ces propriétés dans un modèle de simulation, nous avons montré que l'addition de nutriments a diminué la profondeur de la couche active, tandis que le broutement l'a approfondie de 3.3 cm en moyenne. En conséquence de la création de nouveaux horizons organiques en surface, la fertilization a augmenté le taux d'aggradation vertical du pergélisol par un ordre de grandeur (jusqu'à 5.5 mm an −1 au lieu de 0.7 mm an −1 ), tandis que le broutement a ralenti l'aggradation du pergélisol en limitant l'élévation de la surface et en approfondissant la couche active. Synthèse . Nous avons montré que l'effet à long‐terme du broutement et de l'ajout de N et P influençait la dynamique du pergélisol dans la même mesure que les augmentations de températures contemporaines, et ce en impactant la végétation et les propriétés du sol dans les marais polygonaux du Haut‐Arctique. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 111:Number 2(2023)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 111:Number 2(2023)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 111, Issue 2 (2023)
- Year:
- 2023
- Volume:
- 111
- Issue:
- 2
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2023-0111-0002-0000
- Page Start:
- 449
- Page End:
- 463
- Publication Date:
- 2022-11-29
- Subjects:
- active layer -- albedo -- fertilization -- global change ecology -- greater snow goose -- organic matter -- polygons -- tundra
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.14037 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4972.000000
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