Early Introduction and Rise of the Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant in Highly Vaccinated University Populations. (1st July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Petros, Brittany A; Turcinovic, Jacquelyn; Welch, Nicole L; White, Laura F; Kolaczyk, Eric D; Bauer, Matthew R; Cleary, Michael; Dobbins, Sabrina T; Doucette-Stamm, Lynn; Gore, Mitch; Nair, Parvathy; Nguyen, Tien G; Rose, Scott; Taylor, Bradford P; Tsang, Daniel; Wendlandt, Erik; Hope, Michele; Platt, Judy T; Jacobson, Karen R; Bouton, Tara; Yune, Seyho; Auclair, Jared R; Landaverde, Lena; Klapperich, Catherine M; Hamer, Davidson H; Hanage, William P; MacInnis, Bronwyn L; Sabeti, Pardis C; Connor, John H; Springer, Michael
• Is Part Of: Clinical infectious diseases. Volume 76:Number 3(2023)
• Page Start: e400
• Page End: e408
• Publication Date: 2022-07-01
• Subjects: SARS-CoV-2 -- epidemiology -- infectious disease surveillance; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; 616.905
• DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac413
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1058-4838

Abstract

Abstract: Background: The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. The dynamics that govern its establishment and propensity toward fixation (reaching 100% frequency in the SARS-CoV-2 population) in communities remain unknown. Here, we describe the dynamics of Omicron at 3 institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the greater Boston area. Methods: We use diagnostic and variant-specifying molecular assays and epidemiological analytical approaches to describe the rapid dominance of Omicron following its introduction into 3 IHEs with asymptomatic surveillance programs. Results: We show that the establishment of Omicron at IHEs precedes that of the state and region and that the time to fixation is shorter at IHEs (9.5–12.5 days) than in the state (14.8 days) or region. We show that the trajectory of Omicron fixation among university employees resembles that of students, with a 2- to 3-day delay. Finally, we compare cycle threshold values in Omicron vs Delta variant cases on college campuses and identify lower viral loads among college affiliates who harbor Omicron infections. Conclusions: We document the rapid takeover of the Omicron variant at IHEs, reaching near-fixation within the span of 9.5–12.5 days despite lower viral loads, on average, than the previously dominant Delta variant. These findings highlight the transmissibility of Omicron, its propensity to rapidly dominate small populations, and the ability of robust asymptomatic surveillance programs to offer early insights into the dynamics of pathogen arrival and spread. Abstract : Omicron established and fixated at universities before the surrounding state and region. Fixation was rapid despite lower viral loads in Omicron vs Delta samples. We highlight the ability of asymptomatic surveillance programs to offer early insights into pathogen dynamics.