Iron-based nanomaterials reduce cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating phytohormones, phytochelatin, cadmium transport genes and iron plaque formation. (1st March 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhou, Pingfan; Zhang, Peng; He, Mengke; Cao, Yu; Adeel, Muhammad; Shakoor, Noman; Jiang, Yaqi; Zhao, Weichen; Li, Yuanbo; Li, Mingshu; Azeem, Imran; Jia, Like; Rui, Yukui; Ma, Xingmao; Lynch, Iseult
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 320(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-03-01
• Subjects: Nanoparticles -- Cadmium -- Phytohormones -- Antioxidant system -- Iron plaque; NPs Nanoparticles -- EM Transmission Electron Microscope -- CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences -- DI Deionized water -- ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay -- ZR Zeatin riboside -- DH-ZR Dihydrozeatin riboside -- IPA Isopentenyl adenosine -- BR Brassinolide -- IAA Indole-3-acetic acid -- GA3 Gibberellic acid 3 -- GA4 Gibberellic acid 4 -- JA-ME Methyl jasmonate -- ABA Abscisic acid -- SOD Superoxide dismutase -- POD Peroxide dismutase -- MDA Malondialdehyde -- CAT Catalase -- GSH Glutathione -- GSH-PX Glutathione peroxidase -- PCs Phytochelatins -- NPTH Non-protein thiols; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121063
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Rice is known to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in its grains, causing a severe threat to billions of people worldwide. The possible phytotoxicity and mechanism of 50–200 mg/L hydroxyapatite NPs (nHA), iron oxide NPs (nFe2O3) or nano zero valent iron (nZVI) co-exposed with Cd (100 μM) in rice seedlings were investigated. Three types of nanoparticles significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of Cd in rice shoots by 16–63%, with nZVI showing the greatest effect, followed by nHA and nFe2O3. A decrease in Cd content in the roots was observed only in the nZVI treatment, with values ranging from 8 to 19%. Correspondingly, nZVI showed the best results in promoting plant growth, increasing rice plant height, shoot and root biomass by 13%, 29% and 42%. In vitro studies showed that nZVI reduced the content of Cd in the solution by 20–52% through adsorption, which might have contributed to the immobilization of Cd in root. Importantly, the nZVI treatment resulted in 267% more iron plaques on the root surface, which acted as a barrier to hinder the entry of Cd. Moreover, all three nanoparticles significantly reduced the oxidative stress induced by Cd by regulating phytohormones, phytochelatin, inorganic homeostasis and the expression of genes associated with Cd uptake and transport. Overall, this study elucidates for the first time the multiple complementing mechanisms for some nanoparticles to reduce Cd uptake and transport in rice and provides theoretical basis for applying nanoparticles for reducing Cd accumulation in edible plants. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: NZVI reduced Cd accumulation in rice shoot by 75–80% due to strong sorption. NZVI increased the amount of iron plaque by 267%, blocking the root uptake of Cd. Hormones, nutrients homeostasis and chelators are essential in mitigating Cd stress. Mechanistic differences in different NPs are elucidated for the first time.