A formative assessment of vulnerability and implications for enhancing livelihood sustainability in Indigenous communities in the Andes of Ecuador. (January 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Blackmore, Ivy; Iannotti, Lora; Rivera, Claudia; Waters, William F.; Lesorogol, Carolyn
• Is Part Of: Journal of rural studies. Volume 97(2023)
• Page Start: 416
• Page End: 427
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Subjects: Livelihoods -- Assets -- Vulnerability -- Indigenous communities -- Subsistence farming -- Ecuador; Sociology, Rural -- Periodicals; Country life -- Periodicals; Rural development -- Periodicals; Land use, Rural -- Planning -- Periodicals; Rural conditions -- Periodicals; Sociologie rurale -- Périodiques; Vie rurale -- Périodiques; Développement rural -- Périodiques; Sol, Utilisation agricole du -- Planification -- Périodiques; Conditions rurales -- Périodiques; Country life; Land use, Rural -- Planning; Rural conditions; Rural development; Sociology, Rural; Periodicals; 307.72
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.12.033
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0743-0167

Abstract

Abstract: Through the creation of a livelihood asset index, this study investigates the degree of livelihood vulnerability among indigenous farming households in the rural parish of Guangaje, Ecuador. The use of an asset index enables the estimation and description of the different areas of vulnerability in three communities across livelihood asset types. A unique feature of this article is that it provides a case study of how asset indexes can be used as part of a formative assessment, prior to intervention design, to understand local context. We find low levels of livelihood assets in Guangaje, especially in the categories of human, physical, and financial capital. There is significant variability among the communities linked to differences in access to clean reliable sources of water, the presence of governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), access to credit, and amount of productive capital. The community with the highest composite asset score also had the highest level of social capital, suggesting an important role for social capital in asset creation. Improving social and financial capital, especially access to credit, and increasing human capital through improved educational attainment could be effective approaches for decreasing vulnerability and improving livelihood outcomes in the three study communities and similar indigenous subsistence farming communities across the world. Highlights: An asset index can used as part of a formative assessment to understand local context. Livelihood assets are low in all communities, especially human, physical, and financial capital. Community asset variability means interventions need to be tailored for specific contexts. Improving social networks, access to credit, and education could decrease vulnerability.