Occurrence and distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the coastal seawater of Southeast China and the South China Sea. (February 2023)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Jiuming; Li, Ruilong; Liu, Beibei; Zhang, Qinzhou; Wang, Xiang; Zhu, Yaxian; Zhang, Yong
• Is Part Of: Marine pollution bulletin. Volume 187(2023)
• Publication Date: 2023-02
• Subjects: Lipophilic marine algal toxins -- Composition -- Spatial distribution -- Coastal seawater of Southeast China and the South China Sea; Marine pollution -- Periodicals; Marine Biology -- Periodicals; Water Pollution -- Periodicals; Mer -- Pollution -- Périodiques; Publications périodiques; Pollution des mers; Lutte antipollution; Electronic journals; 363.7394
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114584
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0025-326X

Abstract

Abstract: The composition, levels, and spatial distribution of dissolved lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) including cyclic imines (CIs), yessotoxins (YTXs), okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives, pectenotoxins (PTXs), azaspiracids (AZAs), and brevetoxins (BTXs) in the coastal waters of Southeast China (Xiamen) and the South China Sea (Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf) were investigated and compared for the first time. Dissolved AZA3 was firstly detected in the coastal seawater of China. OA and PTX2 were widely distributed in the three areas studied. Gymnodimine (GYM), 13-desmethyl spirolide C (SPX1), YTX, and homo-yessotoxins (h-YTX) were found mainly in the South China Sea. The average ∑LMAT concentrations in the coastal waters of Xiamen, Hainan Island, and Beibu Gulf were 10.02 ng/L, 4.21 ng/L, and 44.27 ng/L, respectively. More groups and much higher concentrations of LMATs occurred in the South China Sea than that in the other sea areas of China. Graphical abstract: Unlabelled Image Highlights: LMATs in Southeast China and the South China Sea are significant differences. Dissolved AZA3 was firstly detected in the coastal seawater of China. More groups of LMATs were detected in the South China Sea. Beibu Gulf exhibited higher concentrations of LMATs.