Effectiveness of a smartphone-based, augmented reality exposure app to reduce fear of spiders in real-life: A randomized controlled trial. (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zimmer, Anja; Wang, Nan; Ibach, Merle K.; Fehlmann, Bernhard; Schicktanz, Nathalie S.; Bentz, Dorothée; Michael, Tanja; Papassotiropoulos, Andreas; de Quervain, Dominique J.F.
• Is Part Of: Journal of anxiety disorders. Volume 82(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Fear of spiders -- Specific phobia -- Smartphone-based AR exposure app -- Stand-alone -- Behavioural approach test; Anxiety -- Periodicals; Anxiety Disorders -- Periodicals; Angoisse -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.8522
• DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102442
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0887-6185

Abstract

Highlights: Limitations of traditional in vivo treatments call for novel exposure approaches. Smartphone-based exposure apps are highly accessible and widely applicable. Repeated home use of the developed AR app reduces fear and avoidance behaviour. Treatment took place under real-life and not laboratory conditions. AR exposure apps can be used in guided or blended treatment and as self-help tool. Abstract: Although in vivo exposure therapy is highly effective in the treatment of specific phobias, only a minority of patients seeks therapy. Exposure to virtual objects has been shown to be better tolerated, equally efficacious, but the technology has not been made widely accessible yet. We developed an augmented reality (AR) application (app) to reduce fear of spiders and performed a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of our app (six 30-min sessions at home over a two-week period) with no intervention. Primary outcome was subjective fear, measured by a Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) in a Behavioural Approach Test (BAT) in a real-life spider situation at six weeks follow-up. Between Oct 7, 2019, and Dec 6, 2019, 66 individuals were enrolled and randomized. The intervention led to significantly lower subjective fear in the BAT compared to the control group (intervention group, baseline: 7.12 [SD 2.03] follow-up: 5.03 [SD 2.19] vs. control group, baseline: 7.06 [SD 2.34], follow-up 6.24 [SD 2.21]; adjusted group difference -1.24, 95 % CI -2.17 to -0.31; Cohen's d = 0.57, p = 0.010). The repeated use of the AR app reduces subjective fear in a real-life spider situation, providing a low-threshold and low-cost treatment for fear of spiders.