A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration. (February 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhou, Hui; Meng, Aihong; Long, Yanqiu; Li, Qinghai; Zhang, Yanguo
• Is Part Of: Waste management. Volume 36(2015)
• Page Start: 106
• Page End: 118
• Publication Date: 2015-02
• Subjects: Waste -- Incineration -- PCDD/F -- Precursor -- Indicator; Hazardous wastes -- Periodicals; Refuse and refuse disposal -- Periodicals; 363.728
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.011
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0956-053X

Abstract

Abstract : Graphical abstract: Highlights: Different formation mechanisms of dioxins are reviewed. Homogeneous and heteronomous dioxins are distinguished clearly. Sources of dioxins including precursors and residual carbon are summarized. Substances that influence dioxins formation and the mechanisms are analyzed. Two dioxin indicators (CBz and PAHs) are discussed. Abstract: Polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are among the most toxic chemicals and the main restriction on municipal solid waste incineration. To exert more effective control over the formation of dioxin homologues during municipal solid waste incineration, it is significant to investigate dioxin-related compounds. Despite the numerous studies about PCDD/Fs, a unified understanding regarding many problems has yet to be reached because the homologues of PCDD/Fs are excessive, the measurement of PCDD/Fs is difficult, and the formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs are complicated. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the different formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs, including high temperature homogeneous reaction PCDD/Fs formation and low temperature heterogeneous reaction PCDD/Fs formation. Then the sources of PCDD/Fs including precursors (chlorophenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and residual carbon are summarized. In particular, this paper analyzes the substances that influence PCDD/Fs formation and their impact mechanisms, including different categories of chlorine (Cl2, HCl and chloride in fly ash), O2, copper, sulfur, water, and nitrogen compounds (ammonia and urea). Due to the high cost and complexity of PCDD/Fs measurement, PCDD/Fs indicators, especially chlorobenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are summarized, to find an effective surrogate for quick, convenient and real-time monitoring of PCDD/Fs. Finally, according to the results of the current study, recommendations for further research and industrial applications prospects are proposed.